Coronavirus Studies in Nonhuman Primate Models
This page provides a curated list of coronavirus studies and reviews using nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School; Universite Paris-Saclay, Inserm; Pereman School of Medicine; Novartis Gene Therapies; Boston University School of Medicine; Institute Pasteur; Mass General Brigham Innovation; Albamunity
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, AAV-based vaccine, immunogenicity, thermostability, mice, primates
Summary of Study: AAVrh32.33 technology demonstrated its utilitiy as a preventative vaccine for COVID19, and its unique attributes may be applicable to other pathogens or immunization targets.
References: PMID: 34428428 / doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.002
Contact Info: Luk Vandenberghe: luk_vandenberghe@meei.harvard.edu; Roger Le Grand: roger.le-grand@cea.fr
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312821003784?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School; Universite Paris-Saclay, Inserm; Pereman School of Medicine; Novartis Gene Therapies; Boston University School of Medicine; Institute Pasteur; Mass General Brigham Innovation; Albamunity
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, AAV-based vaccine, immunogenicity, thermostability, mice, primates
Summary of Study: AAVrh32.33 technology demonstrated its utilitiy as a preventative vaccine for COVID19, and its unique attributes may be applicable to other pathogens or immunization targets.
References: PMID: 34428428 / doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.002
Contact Info: Luk Vandenberghe: luk_vandenberghe@meei.harvard.edu; Roger Le Grand: roger.le-grand@cea.fr
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312821003784?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Stanford Univ. SOM, Univ. of Washington, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, subunit vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Data highlighted the efficacy of the adjuvanted RBD-NP vaccine in promoting protective immunity against SARS-Cov-2 and have led to phase I/II clinical trials of this vaccine.
References: PMID: 33873199 / doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03530-2
Contact Info: Bali Pulendran: bpulend@stanford.edu;
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03530-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Stanford Univ. SOM, Univ. of Washington, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, subunit vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Data highlighted the efficacy of the adjuvanted RBD-NP vaccine in promoting protective immunity against SARS-Cov-2 and have led to phase I/II clinical trials of this vaccine.
References: PMID: 33873199 / doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03530-2
Contact Info: Bali Pulendran: bpulend@stanford.edu;
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03530-2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immunopathology, young and old animals, primates
Summary of Study: Results showed that the age-related immune microenvironment in the lungs, spleens, PBMCs , and CD8+ cells significantly affected the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the increase in inflammatory factor-secreting cells in the lungs and systemic accumulation of CXCR3+ cells are associated with necrosis and inflammatory activation of ACE2+ lung cells.
References: PMID: 34471088 / doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00734-w
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00734-w
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immunopathology, young and old animals, primates
Summary of Study: Results showed that the age-related immune microenvironment in the lungs, spleens, PBMCs , and CD8+ cells significantly affected the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the increase in inflammatory factor-secreting cells in the lungs and systemic accumulation of CXCR3+ cells are associated with necrosis and inflammatory activation of ACE2+ lung cells.
References: PMID: 34471088 / doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00734-w
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00734-w
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institut Pasteur; Sorbonne Universite; Ecole normale superieure Paris-Saclay; Universite de Paris
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, vaccine, pathogenesis, drug discovery, animal model, primates
Summary of Study: This review discusses the use of NHPs as models for COVID-19 research, with focus on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, drug discovery and pre-clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates.
References: PMID: 34452011 / doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080886
Contact Info: Caroline Passaes: caroline.pereira-bittencourt@pasteur.fr
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/886
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institut Pasteur; Sorbonne Universite; Ecole normale superieure Paris-Saclay; Universite de Paris
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, vaccine, pathogenesis, drug discovery, animal model, primates
Summary of Study: This review discusses the use of NHPs as models for COVID-19 research, with focus on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, drug discovery and pre-clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates.
References: PMID: 34452011 / doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080886
Contact Info: Caroline Passaes: caroline.pereira-bittencourt@pasteur.fr
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/886
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Janssen Vaccines, Leiden University Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: The immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and SARS-CoV-2 spike variant neutralizing data presented in this manuscript further support the decision to evaluate a single 5 x 10^10-vp dose of Ad26.COV2.S in Phase 3 trials.
References: PMID: 33909009 / doi: 10.1084/jem.20202756
Contact Info: Roland Zahn: rzahn@its.jnj.com
URL: https://rupress.org/jem/article/218/7/e20202756/212032/Immunogenicity-and-effic…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Janssen Vaccines, Leiden University Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccine, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: The immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and SARS-CoV-2 spike variant neutralizing data presented in this manuscript further support the decision to evaluate a single 5 x 10^10-vp dose of Ad26.COV2.S in Phase 3 trials.
References: PMID: 33909009 / doi: 10.1084/jem.20202756
Contact Info: Roland Zahn: rzahn@its.jnj.com
URL: https://rupress.org/jem/article/218/7/e20202756/212032/Immunogenicity-and-effic…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, comparative evaluation of disease progression in three primate species
Summary of Study: In addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
References: PMID: 33529233 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246366
Contact Info: Sara Johnston: sara.c.johnston2.civ@mail.mil; Aysegul Nalca: aysegul.nalca.civ@mail.mil
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246366
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, comparative evaluation of disease progression in three primate species
Summary of Study: In addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
References: PMID: 33529233 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246366
Contact Info: Sara Johnston: sara.c.johnston2.civ@mail.mil; Aysegul Nalca: aysegul.nalca.civ@mail.mil
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246366
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC); Utrecht University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, chest CT, ultrasound, pulmonary lesions, primates
Summary of Study: As has been observed in humans, the sensitivity of lung ultrasound (LUS) is high though the diagnostic efficacy or mild-to-moderate disease is relatively low. The low efficacy outweighs the advantages of LUS over CT (i.e. no need to transport the animals and the absence of ionizing radiation). For this reason, CT is still the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis, monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs.
References: PMID: 34778433 / doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.748635
Contact Info: Marieke Stammes: stammes@bprc.nl
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.748635/full
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC); Utrecht University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, chest CT, ultrasound, pulmonary lesions, primates
Summary of Study: As has been observed in humans, the sensitivity of lung ultrasound (LUS) is high though the diagnostic efficacy or mild-to-moderate disease is relatively low. The low efficacy outweighs the advantages of LUS over CT (i.e. no need to transport the animals and the absence of ionizing radiation). For this reason, CT is still the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis, monitoring, and longitudinal assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs.
References: PMID: 34778433 / doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.748635
Contact Info: Marieke Stammes: stammes@bprc.nl
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.748635/full
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Brazil
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo models, several animal species, including primates, review
Summary of Study: This review article summarizes the main models of SARS-CoV-2 infection developed so far and discusses their advantages, drawbacks and main uses.
References: PMID: 33673614 / doi: 10.3390/v13030379
Contact Info: Lindomar Pena: lindomar.pena@cpqam.fiocruz.br
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/379/htm
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Brazil
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo models, several animal species, including primates, review
Summary of Study: This review article summarizes the main models of SARS-CoV-2 infection developed so far and discusses their advantages, drawbacks and main uses.
References: PMID: 33673614 / doi: 10.3390/v13030379
Contact Info: Lindomar Pena: lindomar.pena@cpqam.fiocruz.br
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/379/htm
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, virus load, primates
Summary of Study: Nasal infection may be regarded as an important index to assess the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, treatments focused on nasal infection, like hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling, should be considered as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, virus load, primates
Summary of Study: Nasal infection may be regarded as an important index to assess the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, treatments focused on nasal infection, like hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling, should be considered as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, primates, animal resources, biosafety
Summary of Study: Sustaining and increasing NHP research capacity will require careful preparation and collaborations to improve existing infrastructure and expand established facilities, expertise, and programs.
References: PMID: 33927412 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00760-9
Contact Info: Sheri Ann Hild: sheri.hild@nih.gov
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00760-9
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, primates, animal resources, biosafety
Summary of Study: Sustaining and increasing NHP research capacity will require careful preparation and collaborations to improve existing infrastructure and expand established facilities, expertise, and programs.
References: PMID: 33927412 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00760-9
Contact Info: Sheri Ann Hild: sheri.hild@nih.gov
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00760-9
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (Hanoi, Vietnam)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, protein subunit vaccine, Nanocovax, pathogenesis, mice, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular portion of the spike protein, was shown to be safe and effective in three animal models.
References: PMID: 34938290 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112
Contact Info: Min Si Do: minhsi@nanogenpharma.com
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112/full
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (Hanoi, Vietnam)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, protein subunit vaccine, Nanocovax, pathogenesis, mice, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular portion of the spike protein, was shown to be safe and effective in three animal models.
References: PMID: 34938290 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112
Contact Info: Min Si Do: minhsi@nanogenpharma.com
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112/full
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Amsterdam; INSERM, CEA; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM; Public Health Service of Amsterdam; Tergooi Hospital; Amsterdam Neuroscience, AMC; Amsterdam Infectoin & Immunity, AMC; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, VUmc; The University of Melbourne; Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, cross-reactive antibodies, human coronaviruses, primates
Summary of Study: The results from this study on the presence and specificity of cross-reactive antibodies to other hCoVs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination emphasize the feasibility of broad coronavirus vaccines and may guide future vaccine designs.
References: PMID: 34812143 / doi: 10.7554/eLife.70330
Contact Info: Marit J van Gils: m.j.vangils@amsterdamumc.nl
URL: https://elifesciences.org/articles/70330
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Amsterdam; INSERM, CEA; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM; Public Health Service of Amsterdam; Tergooi Hospital; Amsterdam Neuroscience, AMC; Amsterdam Infectoin & Immunity, AMC; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, VUmc; The University of Melbourne; Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, cross-reactive antibodies, human coronaviruses, primates
Summary of Study: The results from this study on the presence and specificity of cross-reactive antibodies to other hCoVs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination emphasize the feasibility of broad coronavirus vaccines and may guide future vaccine designs.
References: PMID: 34812143 / doi: 10.7554/eLife.70330
Contact Info: Marit J van Gils: m.j.vangils@amsterdamumc.nl
URL: https://elifesciences.org/articles/70330
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China), Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming Third People's Hospital
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated virus vaccine, immune response, pathology, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, produced by sequential inactivation with formaldehyde followed by propiolactone, was shown to be effective against SARS-Co-V 2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 34462721 / doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.005
Contact Info: Changgui Li: changguili@aliyun.com; Qihan Li: liqihan@imbcams.com.cn; Longding Liu: liuld@imbcams.com.cn
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2329050121001315?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China), Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming Third People's Hospital
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated virus vaccine, immune response, pathology, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, produced by sequential inactivation with formaldehyde followed by propiolactone, was shown to be effective against SARS-Co-V 2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 34462721 / doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.005
Contact Info: Changgui Li: changguili@aliyun.com; Qihan Li: liqihan@imbcams.com.cn; Longding Liu: liuld@imbcams.com.cn
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2329050121001315?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Tehran, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Toyko University of Science, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vienna)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, reinfection, recovery, primates
Summary of Study: Review paper proposing a new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection in each identified category. This classification may help to distribute resources more meticulously to determine: Who needs to be serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, what percentage of the population is immune to the virus, and who needs to be vaccinated.
References: PMID: 33520309 / doi: 10.1016/jare.2020.12.013
Contact Info: Younes Aftabi: aftably@tbzmed.ac.ir; Sasan Fereidouni: sasan.fereidouni@vetmeduni.ac.at
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123220302630?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Tehran, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Toyko University of Science, University of Veterinary Medicine (Vienna)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, reinfection, recovery, primates
Summary of Study: Review paper proposing a new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection in each identified category. This classification may help to distribute resources more meticulously to determine: Who needs to be serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, what percentage of the population is immune to the virus, and who needs to be vaccinated.
References: PMID: 33520309 / doi: 10.1016/jare.2020.12.013
Contact Info: Younes Aftabi: aftably@tbzmed.ac.ir; Sasan Fereidouni: sasan.fereidouni@vetmeduni.ac.at
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123220302630?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Shanghai Jemincare Pharmaceuticals Co.; Chinese Academy of Sciences; tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibodies, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Two potent nABs against SARS-CoV-2 from naive phage-displayed human B cell single-chain variable fragment libraries were identified. One, JMB2002) not only showed potent in vitro blocking activity against a broad-spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants including the B.1.351 lineage, but also potent therapeutic efficacy and complete prophylactic protection against SARS-CoV-2 in a rhesus macaque infection model. Prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasure intervention of SARS-CoV-2 using antibody JMB2002 would likely slow down the transmission of currently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants and result in more efficient control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
References: PMID: 34097570 / doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1930636
Contact Info: Su-Jun Deng: dengsujun@jemincare.com; Wuxiang Guan: guanwx@wh.iov.cn; Zhiming Yuan: yzm@wh.iov.cn
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19420862.2021.1930636
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Shanghai Jemincare Pharmaceuticals Co.; Chinese Academy of Sciences; tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibodies, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Two potent nABs against SARS-CoV-2 from naive phage-displayed human B cell single-chain variable fragment libraries were identified. One, JMB2002) not only showed potent in vitro blocking activity against a broad-spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants including the B.1.351 lineage, but also potent therapeutic efficacy and complete prophylactic protection against SARS-CoV-2 in a rhesus macaque infection model. Prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasure intervention of SARS-CoV-2 using antibody JMB2002 would likely slow down the transmission of currently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants and result in more efficient control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
References: PMID: 34097570 / doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1930636
Contact Info: Su-Jun Deng: dengsujun@jemincare.com; Wuxiang Guan: guanwx@wh.iov.cn; Zhiming Yuan: yzm@wh.iov.cn
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19420862.2021.1930636
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NCI, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, BIOQUAL, University of Athens School of Medicine, University of Washington
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A vaccine regimen comprising simultaneous co-immunization of DNA and Protein at the same anatomical site showed best neutralizing abilities and was more effective than DNA alone in inducing protective immune responses and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. An expansion of the DNA vaccine regimen to include co-immunization with Spike protein may be of advantage for SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 34551020 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
Contact Info: Barbara Felber: barbara.felber@nih.gov
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NCI, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, BIOQUAL, University of Athens School of Medicine, University of Washington
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A vaccine regimen comprising simultaneous co-immunization of DNA and Protein at the same anatomical site showed best neutralizing abilities and was more effective than DNA alone in inducing protective immune responses and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. An expansion of the DNA vaccine regimen to include co-immunization with Spike protein may be of advantage for SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 34551020 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
Contact Info: Barbara Felber: barbara.felber@nih.gov
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: King Mongkut's University of Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; B.F. Feed Company, Ltd.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike receptor-binding domain, immunization, convalescent sera, B-cell epitopes, primates
Summary of Study: The immunoinformatics method described could be a useful tool for identification of antibody epitopes in new virus variants and also other target proteins.
References: PMID: 34650130 / doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99642-w
Contact Info: Yaowaluck Mapring Roshorm: yaowaluck.ros@kmutt.ac.th
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-99642-w
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: King Mongkut's University of Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; B.F. Feed Company, Ltd.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike receptor-binding domain, immunization, convalescent sera, B-cell epitopes, primates
Summary of Study: The immunoinformatics method described could be a useful tool for identification of antibody epitopes in new virus variants and also other target proteins.
References: PMID: 34650130 / doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99642-w
Contact Info: Yaowaluck Mapring Roshorm: yaowaluck.ros@kmutt.ac.th
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-99642-w
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; University of Tokyo; Kumamoto University, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, virus replication, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The effect of CD8+ cell depletion on SARS-CoV-2 replication when monoclonal anti-CD8 antibody is administered in the subacute phase was studied in cynomolgus macaques. Analysis revealed no significant impact of CD8+ cell depletion on viral replication, indicating the subacute SARS-CoV-2 replication can be controlled in the absence of CD8+ T cells.
References: PMID: 34280241 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009668
Contact Info: Tetsuro Matano: tmatano@nih.go.jp; Takushi Nomura: nomutaku@nih.go.jp
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009668
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan; University of Tokyo; Kumamoto University, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, virus replication, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The effect of CD8+ cell depletion on SARS-CoV-2 replication when monoclonal anti-CD8 antibody is administered in the subacute phase was studied in cynomolgus macaques. Analysis revealed no significant impact of CD8+ cell depletion on viral replication, indicating the subacute SARS-CoV-2 replication can be controlled in the absence of CD8+ T cells.
References: PMID: 34280241 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009668
Contact Info: Tetsuro Matano: tmatano@nih.go.jp; Takushi Nomura: nomutaku@nih.go.jp
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009668
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Capital Medical University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathology, myocardial injury, differential expression, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques showed viral myocarditis, where inflammation and endothelial injury jointly resulted in cardiac damage.
References: PMID: 34489396 / doi: 10.1038/s413392-021-00747-5
Contact Info: Jiangning Liu: liujn@cnilas.org; Jing Wang: wangjing@ibms.pumc.edu.cn
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00747-5
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Capital Medical University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathology, myocardial injury, differential expression, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques showed viral myocarditis, where inflammation and endothelial injury jointly resulted in cardiac damage.
References: PMID: 34489396 / doi: 10.1038/s413392-021-00747-5
Contact Info: Jiangning Liu: liujn@cnilas.org; Jing Wang: wangjing@ibms.pumc.edu.cn
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00747-5
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Univ., MIT, Tulane National Primate Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, respiratory droplet generation and exhalation, primates
Summary of Study: The proportion of small respiratory droplets (the majority of particles exhaled in all subjects) increased at the peak of COVID-19 infection in NHPs. This confirms a previously published observation from the exhaled aerosol profile of a single COVID-19 positive human subject, and suggests that, at peak infection, there may be an elevated risk of the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by way of the very small droplets that transmit through conventional masks and travers distances far exceeding the conventional social distance of 2 m.
References: PMID: 33563754 / doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021830118
Contact Info: David Edwards: dedwards@seas.harvard.edu; Chad Roy: croy@tulane.edu
URL: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2021830118.long
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Univ., MIT, Tulane National Primate Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, respiratory droplet generation and exhalation, primates
Summary of Study: The proportion of small respiratory droplets (the majority of particles exhaled in all subjects) increased at the peak of COVID-19 infection in NHPs. This confirms a previously published observation from the exhaled aerosol profile of a single COVID-19 positive human subject, and suggests that, at peak infection, there may be an elevated risk of the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by way of the very small droplets that transmit through conventional masks and travers distances far exceeding the conventional social distance of 2 m.
References: PMID: 33563754 / doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021830118
Contact Info: David Edwards: dedwards@seas.harvard.edu; Chad Roy: croy@tulane.edu
URL: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2021830118.long
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Karolinska Institutet; University of Cape Town
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, antigenic sin, boost, passive immunization, mice, primates
Summary of Study: A single dose of adjuvanted beta variant receptor binding domain (RBD) protein broadens neutralizing antibody responses to heterologous VOCs.
References: PMID: 34723224 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100450
Contact Info: Daniel Sheward: daniel.sheward@ki.se; Gunilla Karlsson Hedestam: gunilla.karlsson.hedestam@ki.se; Ben Murrell: benjamin.murrell@ki.se
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666379121003189?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Karolinska Institutet; University of Cape Town
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, antigenic sin, boost, passive immunization, mice, primates
Summary of Study: A single dose of adjuvanted beta variant receptor binding domain (RBD) protein broadens neutralizing antibody responses to heterologous VOCs.
References: PMID: 34723224 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100450
Contact Info: Daniel Sheward: daniel.sheward@ki.se; Gunilla Karlsson Hedestam: gunilla.karlsson.hedestam@ki.se; Ben Murrell: benjamin.murrell@ki.se
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666379121003189?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Copycat Sciences; Sporos Bioventures
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, redelivery, analysis of the preclinical data and clinical efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The gap between the strong preclinical data with remdesivir (RDV) across many virus models and its questionable clinical activitiy suggests that assumptions are being made at the preclinical level that do not reflect the conditions observed in patients.
References: PMID: 34252308 / doi: 10.1128/AAC.01117-21
Contact Info: Victoria Yan: victoria.yan@copycatsciences.com
URL: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AAC.01117-21?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=or…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Copycat Sciences; Sporos Bioventures
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, redelivery, analysis of the preclinical data and clinical efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The gap between the strong preclinical data with remdesivir (RDV) across many virus models and its questionable clinical activitiy suggests that assumptions are being made at the preclinical level that do not reflect the conditions observed in patients.
References: PMID: 34252308 / doi: 10.1128/AAC.01117-21
Contact Info: Victoria Yan: victoria.yan@copycatsciences.com
URL: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AAC.01117-21?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=or…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: USC, , UCLA, City of Hope, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pancreatic beta cells, toxicity, metabolism, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances beta cell stress that may compromise beta-cell function beyond the duration of the disease course, raising the possibility that the beta cell stress and injury may have clinical implications to the long-term future health of patients that have recovered from COVID19.
References: PMID: 34312617 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-592374/v1
Contact Info: Senta Georgia: sgeorgia@chla.usc.edu
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-592374/v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: USC, , UCLA, City of Hope, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pancreatic beta cells, toxicity, metabolism, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances beta cell stress that may compromise beta-cell function beyond the duration of the disease course, raising the possibility that the beta cell stress and injury may have clinical implications to the long-term future health of patients that have recovered from COVID19.
References: PMID: 34312617 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-592374/v1
Contact Info: Senta Georgia: sgeorgia@chla.usc.edu
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-592374/v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Novavax; University of Duisburg-Essen; MIT; Texas Biomedical Research Institute; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; La Jolla Institute for Immunology; and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, humoral immune response, vaccine-induced antibody fingerprint, protection, primates
Summary of Study: Data presented suggest that a single dose may prevent disease via combined Fc/Fab functions but that two doses may be essential to block further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging varriants.
References: PMID: 34485950 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100405
Contact Info: Gale Smith: gsmith@novavax.com; Galit Alter: galter@mgh.harvard.edu
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Novavax; University of Duisburg-Essen; MIT; Texas Biomedical Research Institute; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; La Jolla Institute for Immunology; and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, humoral immune response, vaccine-induced antibody fingerprint, protection, primates
Summary of Study: Data presented suggest that a single dose may prevent disease via combined Fc/Fab functions but that two doses may be essential to block further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging varriants.
References: PMID: 34485950 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100405
Contact Info: Gale Smith: gsmith@novavax.com; Galit Alter: galter@mgh.harvard.edu
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009701
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.; Harvard Medical School; Lucidity Biomedical Consulting; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vector, immunogenicity, protective efficacy, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Ad26.COV2.S vaccine confers durable protection against replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs that is predicted by the levels of Spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies, indicating that Ad26.COV2.S could confer durable protection in humans and immunological correlates of protection may enable the prediction of durability of protection.
References: PMID: 34620860 / doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26117-x
Contact Info: Roland Zahn: RZahn@its.jnj.com
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26117-x
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.; Harvard Medical School; Lucidity Biomedical Consulting; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vector, immunogenicity, protective efficacy, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Ad26.COV2.S vaccine confers durable protection against replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs that is predicted by the levels of Spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies, indicating that Ad26.COV2.S could confer durable protection in humans and immunological correlates of protection may enable the prediction of durability of protection.
References: PMID: 34620860 / doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26117-x
Contact Info: Roland Zahn: RZahn@its.jnj.com
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26117-x
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: SW National Primate Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Tulane University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single-cell RNA sequencing. Immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The recruitment of a myeloid-cell-mediated Type I IFN response is associated with the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques.
References: PMID: 34282414 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-664507/v1
Contact Info: Deepak Kaushal: dkaushal@txbiomed.org
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-664507/v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: SW National Primate Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Tulane University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single-cell RNA sequencing. Immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The recruitment of a myeloid-cell-mediated Type I IFN response is associated with the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques.
References: PMID: 34282414 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-664507/v1
Contact Info: Deepak Kaushal: dkaushal@txbiomed.org
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-664507/v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Public Health England; University of Oxford; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Quadram Institute Bioscience
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated vaccine, vaccine-enhanced disease, pathology, ferrets, primates
Summary of Study: Studies assessed the potential for VED (vaccine-enhanced disease) in animals faccinated with formaldehyde-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 forumlated with Alhydrogel, compared to a negative control vaccine. No evidence of enhanced disease was shown in ferrets of rhrsus macaques except for mild transient enhanced disease seen 7 days after infection in ferrets. This was resolved by day 15.
References: PMID: 34516768 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7996
Contact Info: Miles Carol: miles.carrol@phe.gov.uk; Andrew Gorringe: andrew.gorringe@phe.gov.uk
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abg7996?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Public Health England; University of Oxford; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Quadram Institute Bioscience
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated vaccine, vaccine-enhanced disease, pathology, ferrets, primates
Summary of Study: Studies assessed the potential for VED (vaccine-enhanced disease) in animals faccinated with formaldehyde-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 forumlated with Alhydrogel, compared to a negative control vaccine. No evidence of enhanced disease was shown in ferrets of rhrsus macaques except for mild transient enhanced disease seen 7 days after infection in ferrets. This was resolved by day 15.
References: PMID: 34516768 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7996
Contact Info: Miles Carol: miles.carrol@phe.gov.uk; Andrew Gorringe: andrew.gorringe@phe.gov.uk
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abg7996?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC, Netherlands), Utrecht University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, test interference, primates
Summary of Study: Thorax CTs were evaluated for alteractions in lung density in health and experimentally SARS-CoV-infected female rhesus macaques before and after brochoalveolar lavage (BAL). An increase in the lung density was observed on the post-BAL CT but resolved within 24 hours in the healthy animals; a significant difference in both the lung density and CT score was still found 24 hours post BAL in the infected animals.
References: PMID: 34242213 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252941
Contact Info: Marieke Stammes: stammes@bprc.nl
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252941
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC, Netherlands), Utrecht University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, test interference, primates
Summary of Study: Thorax CTs were evaluated for alteractions in lung density in health and experimentally SARS-CoV-infected female rhesus macaques before and after brochoalveolar lavage (BAL). An increase in the lung density was observed on the post-BAL CT but resolved within 24 hours in the healthy animals; a significant difference in both the lung density and CT score was still found 24 hours post BAL in the infected animals.
References: PMID: 34242213 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252941
Contact Info: Marieke Stammes: stammes@bprc.nl
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0252941
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, transcription factor AhR, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Data in this study show that the transcription factor AhR is able to bind the promoter of the ACE2 gene, thus promoting ACE2 expression and augmenting the subsequent pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs.
References: PMID: 33795851 / doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00672-1
Contact Info: Chuan Qin: qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn; Bo Huang: tjhuangbo@hotmail.com
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-021-00672-1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, transcription factor AhR, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Data in this study show that the transcription factor AhR is able to bind the promoter of the ACE2 gene, thus promoting ACE2 expression and augmenting the subsequent pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs.
References: PMID: 33795851 / doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00672-1
Contact Info: Chuan Qin: qinchuan@pumc.edu.cn; Bo Huang: tjhuangbo@hotmail.com
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-021-00672-1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Yale School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, several animal species, immine response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: This review summarized key clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of human COVID-19, followed by a comparison with spontaneous and genetically altered animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33836527 / doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilab0071
Contact Info: Caroline Zeiss: caroline.zeiss@yale.edu
URL: https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ilar/ilab007/6…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Yale School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, several animal species, immine response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: This review summarized key clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of human COVID-19, followed by a comparison with spontaneous and genetically altered animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33836527 / doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilab0071
Contact Info: Caroline Zeiss: caroline.zeiss@yale.edu
URL: https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ilar/ilab007/6…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: The Wistar Institute; Inovio Pharmaceuticals; Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine, immunogenicity, immune response, adaptive immune response, primates
Summary of Study: INO-4800, an intradermal-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine, induced both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system.
References: PMID: 34604818 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100420
Contact Info: Kate Broderick: kate.broderick@inovio.com; David Weiner: dweiner@wistar.org
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666379121002822?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: The Wistar Institute; Inovio Pharmaceuticals; Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine, immunogenicity, immune response, adaptive immune response, primates
Summary of Study: INO-4800, an intradermal-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine, induced both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system.
References: PMID: 34604818 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100420
Contact Info: Kate Broderick: kate.broderick@inovio.com; David Weiner: dweiner@wistar.org
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666379121002822?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Cynomolgus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed body temperature rises and X-ray radiographic pneumonia without life-threatening clinical signs of disease. Because of similar symptoms to approximately 80% of patients, cynomolgus macaques are appropriate to extrapolate the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs for humans.
References: PMID: 33412411/doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.013
Contact Info: Yasushi Itoh (no contact information)
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682220302609?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Cynomolgus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed body temperature rises and X-ray radiographic pneumonia without life-threatening clinical signs of disease. Because of similar symptoms to approximately 80% of patients, cynomolgus macaques are appropriate to extrapolate the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs for humans.
References: PMID: 33412411/doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.013
Contact Info: Yasushi Itoh (no contact information)
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682220302609?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC, North Carolina State University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, portable, ultrasensitive saliva-based virus assay, primates
Summary of Study: CRISPR-FDS determined that mean SARS-Cov-2 RNA levels were 3.6 fold to 124-fold higher, and more stable, in oropharyngeal versus nasal swab samples from nonhuman primates at all time points after infection, suggesting that saliva may represent a more robust diagnostic sample than nasal swabs both early and later in infection.
References: PMID: 33310733 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3703
Contact Info: Tony Hu: tonyhu@tulane.edu
URL: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/2/eabe3703
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC, North Carolina State University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, portable, ultrasensitive saliva-based virus assay, primates
Summary of Study: CRISPR-FDS determined that mean SARS-Cov-2 RNA levels were 3.6 fold to 124-fold higher, and more stable, in oropharyngeal versus nasal swab samples from nonhuman primates at all time points after infection, suggesting that saliva may represent a more robust diagnostic sample than nasal swabs both early and later in infection.
References: PMID: 33310733 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3703
Contact Info: Tony Hu: tonyhu@tulane.edu
URL: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/2/eabe3703
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Texas Christian University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and aged animals, viral dynamics, antiviral treatment, primates
Summary of Study: This study finds the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 between young and aged animals and has shown that these differrences should be considered when considering antiviral treatment.
References: PMID: 34804559 / doi: 10.1098/rsos.202345
Contact Info: Hana Dobrovolny: h.dobrovolny@tcu.edu
URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.202345?rfr_dat=cr_pub%…
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Texas Christian University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and aged animals, viral dynamics, antiviral treatment, primates
Summary of Study: This study finds the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 between young and aged animals and has shown that these differrences should be considered when considering antiviral treatment.
References: PMID: 34804559 / doi: 10.1098/rsos.202345
Contact Info: Hana Dobrovolny: h.dobrovolny@tcu.edu
URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.202345?rfr_dat=cr_pub%…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viruses, resources, primates
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) nonhuman primates (NHPs) for development of vaccines and therapeutics, thus straining the supply of these animals for biomedical research studies. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: PMID: 34163043 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-008102
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: miguel.contreras@nih.gov
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viruses, resources, primates
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) nonhuman primates (NHPs) for development of vaccines and therapeutics, thus straining the supply of these animals for biomedical research studies. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: PMID: 34163043 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-008102
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: miguel.contreras@nih.gov
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, virus replication, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A study of pathogenesis of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 compared to a SARS-CoV-2 isolate containing the D614G spike substitution showed that B.1.351 was slightly less pathogenic than the other two variants, but there were no differences in virus shedding between the variants that could explain increased transmissibility.
References: PMID: 34678071 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3627
Contact Info: Emmie de Wit: emmie.dewit@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj3627?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, virus replication, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A study of pathogenesis of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 compared to a SARS-CoV-2 isolate containing the D614G spike substitution showed that B.1.351 was slightly less pathogenic than the other two variants, but there were no differences in virus shedding between the variants that could explain increased transmissibility.
References: PMID: 34678071 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3627
Contact Info: Emmie de Wit: emmie.dewit@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj3627?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning, epitope targets, spike protein, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: PMID: 34909774 / doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: joverbau@fredhutch.org
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning, epitope targets, spike protein, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: PMID: 34909774 / doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: joverbau@fredhutch.org
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, and others.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccines and adjuvants, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The adjuvant 3M-052-alum (previously shown to induce better immune responses against HIV) may be a way to improve the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
References: PMID: 34266981 / doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3634
Contact Info: Sudhir Pai Kasturi: skastur@emory.edu; Maria Elena Bottazzi: bottazzi@bcm.edu
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3634?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, and others.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccines and adjuvants, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The adjuvant 3M-052-alum (previously shown to induce better immune responses against HIV) may be a way to improve the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
References: PMID: 34266981 / doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3634
Contact Info: Sudhir Pai Kasturi: skastur@emory.edu; Maria Elena Bottazzi: bottazzi@bcm.edu
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3634?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Wuhan Institute of Virology, Tongji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated vaccine, mice and primates, immune response
Summary of Study: The authors tested the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine based on on the whole viral particles in human ACE2 transgenic mouse and in NHPs. This inactivated vaccine successfully induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in both models.
References: PMID: 33835391 / doi: 10.1007/s12250-021-00376-w
Contact Info: Xing-Lou Yang: yangsx@wh.iov.cn; Shuo Shen: shenshuo1@sinopharm.com; Zhi-Ming Yuan: yzm@wh.iov.cn
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12250-021-00376-w
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Wuhan Institute of Virology, Tongji Medical College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inactivated vaccine, mice and primates, immune response
Summary of Study: The authors tested the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine based on on the whole viral particles in human ACE2 transgenic mouse and in NHPs. This inactivated vaccine successfully induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in both models.
References: PMID: 33835391 / doi: 10.1007/s12250-021-00376-w
Contact Info: Xing-Lou Yang: yangsx@wh.iov.cn; Shuo Shen: shenshuo1@sinopharm.com; Zhi-Ming Yuan: yzm@wh.iov.cn
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12250-021-00376-w
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Xiamen University, The University of HongKong, Shantou University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review of the primate models, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, applications
Summary of Study: Review summarizes the benefits and caveats of NHP models currently available for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses key topics including model optimization, extended application, and clinical translation.
References: PMID: 34490832 / doi: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1976598
Contact Info: Tong Cheng: tcheng@xmu.edu.cn; Ningshao Xia: nsxia@xmu.edu.cn
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2021.1976598
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Xiamen University, The University of HongKong, Shantou University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review of the primate models, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, applications
Summary of Study: Review summarizes the benefits and caveats of NHP models currently available for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses key topics including model optimization, extended application, and clinical translation.
References: PMID: 34490832 / doi: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1976598
Contact Info: Tong Cheng: tcheng@xmu.edu.cn; Ningshao Xia: nsxia@xmu.edu.cn
URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2021.1976598
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Kazan State Medical Academy; Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Federal University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, infection, pathogenicity, eye surface, literature meta analysis, primates
Summary of Study: There is a possibility of COVID-19 transmission through the eye surface. Eye protection measures should be undertaken when working with potentially infected patients.
References: PMID: 34410064 / doi: 10.17116/oftalma2021137041104
Contact Info: not provided
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34410064/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Kazan State Medical Academy; Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Federal University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, infection, pathogenicity, eye surface, literature meta analysis, primates
Summary of Study: There is a possibility of COVID-19 transmission through the eye surface. Eye protection measures should be undertaken when working with potentially infected patients.
References: PMID: 34410064 / doi: 10.17116/oftalma2021137041104
Contact Info: not provided
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34410064/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Melbourne, Monash University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prime-boost protein subunit vaccine, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Both S and RBD vaccines are comparably immunogenic and produced strong serological neutralizing responses in pig-tailed macaques. Overall, immunization with recombinant S immunogens reliably elicits potentially protective humoral immunity at levels in excess of those observed in convalescent human, confirming recombinant S proteins as promising vaccine candidates.
References: PMID: 33658497 / doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21665-8
Contact Info: Stephen Kent: skent@unimelb.edu.au
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21665-8
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Melbourne, Monash University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prime-boost protein subunit vaccine, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Both S and RBD vaccines are comparably immunogenic and produced strong serological neutralizing responses in pig-tailed macaques. Overall, immunization with recombinant S immunogens reliably elicits potentially protective humoral immunity at levels in excess of those observed in convalescent human, confirming recombinant S proteins as promising vaccine candidates.
References: PMID: 33658497 / doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21665-8
Contact Info: Stephen Kent: skent@unimelb.edu.au
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21665-8
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Akston Biosciences Corp.; Biomere Biomedical Research Models; Feigin ABSL-3 Facility, Baylor College of Medicine; BIOQUAL; California National Primate Research Center; Sinclair Research Center; Pharmaceutical Research Associates Group B.V.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, viral spike protein, immunogenicity, prophylaxis, Fc-fusion, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Preclinical studies support the initiation of Phase I clinical studies with adjuvanted AKS-452 with the expectation that this room-temperature stable, Fc-fusion subunit vaccine can be rapidly and inexpensively manufactured to provide billions of doses per year especially in regions where the cold-chain is difficult to maintain.
References: PMID: 34642088 / doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.077
Contact Info: Todd Zion: todd.zion@akstonbio.com
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X21012949?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Akston Biosciences Corp.; Biomere Biomedical Research Models; Feigin ABSL-3 Facility, Baylor College of Medicine; BIOQUAL; California National Primate Research Center; Sinclair Research Center; Pharmaceutical Research Associates Group B.V.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, viral spike protein, immunogenicity, prophylaxis, Fc-fusion, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Preclinical studies support the initiation of Phase I clinical studies with adjuvanted AKS-452 with the expectation that this room-temperature stable, Fc-fusion subunit vaccine can be rapidly and inexpensively manufactured to provide billions of doses per year especially in regions where the cold-chain is difficult to maintain.
References: PMID: 34642088 / doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.077
Contact Info: Todd Zion: todd.zion@akstonbio.com
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X21012949?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: ReiThera Srl, University of Nottingham, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, replication-defective gorilla adenovirus-vectored vaccine, immune response, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Pre-fusion stabilized Spike antigen is superior to the wild type in inducing ACE2-interfering, SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies.
References: PMID: 33895322 / doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.022
Contact Info: Alessandra Vitelli: alessandra.vitelli@reithera.com
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525001621002100?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: ReiThera Srl, University of Nottingham, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, replication-defective gorilla adenovirus-vectored vaccine, immune response, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Pre-fusion stabilized Spike antigen is superior to the wild type in inducing ACE2-interfering, SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies.
References: PMID: 33895322 / doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.022
Contact Info: Alessandra Vitelli: alessandra.vitelli@reithera.com
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525001621002100?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Duke University School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, FDA, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticles, receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The immunization of macaques with nanoparticles conjugated with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, and adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum, elicits cross-neutralizing antibody responses against bat coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs that encode a stabilized transmembrane spike or monomeric receptor-binding domain also induced cross-neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV and bat coronaviruses.
References: PMID: 33971664 / doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03594-0
Contact Info: Kevin Saunders: kevin.saunders@duke.edu; Barton Haynes: barton.haynes@duke.edu
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03594-0
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Duke University School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, FDA, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticles, receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The immunization of macaques with nanoparticles conjugated with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, and adjuvanted with 3M-052 and alum, elicits cross-neutralizing antibody responses against bat coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Nucleoside-modified mRNAs that encode a stabilized transmembrane spike or monomeric receptor-binding domain also induced cross-neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV and bat coronaviruses.
References: PMID: 33971664 / doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03594-0
Contact Info: Kevin Saunders: kevin.saunders@duke.edu; Barton Haynes: barton.haynes@duke.edu
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03594-0
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Emory University; BIOQUAL, Inc.; Moderna, Inc.; Johns Hopkins University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, boost, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Homologous mRNA-1273 boost can significantly improve both the breadth and potency of neutralizing antibody responses and confer protection against upper and lower airway infection to a heterologous challenge virus, which is relatively resistant to in vitro neutralization.
References: PMID: 34672695 / doi: 10.1126/science.abl8912
Contact Info: Robert Seder: rseder@mail.nih.gov; Barney Graham: bgraham@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl8912?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Emory University; BIOQUAL, Inc.; Moderna, Inc.; Johns Hopkins University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, boost, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Homologous mRNA-1273 boost can significantly improve both the breadth and potency of neutralizing antibody responses and confer protection against upper and lower airway infection to a heterologous challenge virus, which is relatively resistant to in vitro neutralization.
References: PMID: 34672695 / doi: 10.1126/science.abl8912
Contact Info: Robert Seder: rseder@mail.nih.gov; Barney Graham: bgraham@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl8912?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIH, University of Oxford, NIAID, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus-based vaccine, intranasal administration, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Intranasal vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 reduced virus concentrations in nasal swabs in two different SARS-CoV-2 animal models, warranting further investigation as a potential vaccination route for COVID-19 vaccines.
References: PMID: 34315826 / doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0755
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: vincent.munster@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0755?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rf…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIH, University of Oxford, NIAID, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus-based vaccine, intranasal administration, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Intranasal vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 reduced virus concentrations in nasal swabs in two different SARS-CoV-2 animal models, warranting further investigation as a potential vaccination route for COVID-19 vaccines.
References: PMID: 34315826 / doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0755
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: vincent.munster@nih.gov
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abh0755?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rf…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, several animal species, immunological response, primates
Summary of Study: This review discusses small and large animal model studies previously used in SARS-CoV-2 research that may be useful in elucidating the immunological contributions to hallmark syndromes observed with COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33914873 / doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilab010
Contact Info: Rebecca Veenhuis: rterill1@jhmi.edu
URL: https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ilar/ilab010/6…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Yale University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, several animal species, immunological response, primates
Summary of Study: This review discusses small and large animal model studies previously used in SARS-CoV-2 research that may be useful in elucidating the immunological contributions to hallmark syndromes observed with COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33914873 / doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilab010
Contact Info: Rebecca Veenhuis: rterill1@jhmi.edu
URL: https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ilar/ilab010/6…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Universite de Paris, Institut Pasteur and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mathematical model, viral dynamics, immune response, viral clearance, primates
Summary of Study: Results provide estimates of SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetic parameters in an experimental model of mild infection and they provide means to assess the efficacy of future antiviral treatments.
References: PMID: 33730053 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008785
Contact Info: Antonio Goncalves: antonio.goncalves@inserm.fr
URL: https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008785
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Universite de Paris, Institut Pasteur and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mathematical model, viral dynamics, immune response, viral clearance, primates
Summary of Study: Results provide estimates of SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetic parameters in an experimental model of mild infection and they provide means to assess the efficacy of future antiviral treatments.
References: PMID: 33730053 / doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008785
Contact Info: Antonio Goncalves: antonio.goncalves@inserm.fr
URL: https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008785
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, type I interferon, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Type I interferon mediates an important innate immune response against viral infection by directly inhibiting viral replication. It also bridges innate to adaptive immunity for long-term protection against viral reinfections.
References: PMID: 34149696 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: suiy@mail.nih.gov; Jay Berzofsky: berzofsj@mail.nih.gov
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428/full
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, type I interferon, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Type I interferon mediates an important innate immune response against viral infection by directly inhibiting viral replication. It also bridges innate to adaptive immunity for long-term protection against viral reinfections.
References: PMID: 34149696 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: suiy@mail.nih.gov; Jay Berzofsky: berzofsj@mail.nih.gov
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428/full