Coronavirus Studies in Nonhuman Primate Models
This page provides a curated list of coronavirus studies and reviews using nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle vaccine, primates
Summary of Study: Nanoparticle vaccines (developed by covalently conjugating the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and/or heptad repeat (HR) subunits of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle vaccine, primates
Summary of Study: Nanoparticle vaccines (developed by covalently conjugating the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and/or heptad repeat (HR) subunits of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike trimers, neutralizing antibodies, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Adjuvanted protein intramuscular immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers, stabilized in prefusion conformation, results in potent antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaque.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.228486
Contact Info: Mandolesi, Marco; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.228486v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike trimers, neutralizing antibodies, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Adjuvanted protein intramuscular immunization with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers, stabilized in prefusion conformation, results in potent antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaque.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.228486
Contact Info: Mandolesi, Marco; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.228486v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, vaccine
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques vaccinated intramuscularly with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed humoral and cellular immune response. The authors observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory tract tissues of vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in the vaccinated animals.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.093195; Preprint; PMID: 32511340
Contact Info: van Doremalen N, et al.; correspondence to Vincent Munster ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511340/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, vaccine
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques vaccinated intramuscularly with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed humoral and cellular immune response. The authors observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory tract tissues of vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in the vaccinated animals.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.093195; Preprint; PMID: 32511340
Contact Info: van Doremalen N, et al.; correspondence to Vincent Munster ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511340/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
Keywords: SARS, ACE2, receptor-binding domain, pneumonia
Summary of Study: The authors analyzed 82 representative ACE2 sequences from the 1000 sequences with the closest homology to the human ACE2 protein to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 natural and intermediate hosts, as well as susceptible animals. Results suggest that several NHPs may be intermediate hosts and most are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12057996.v1; Preprint
Contact Info: Wu C, et al.; correspondence to Hui Li ([email protected])
URL: https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr138914
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
Keywords: SARS, ACE2, receptor-binding domain, pneumonia
Summary of Study: The authors analyzed 82 representative ACE2 sequences from the 1000 sequences with the closest homology to the human ACE2 protein to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 natural and intermediate hosts, as well as susceptible animals. Results suggest that several NHPs may be intermediate hosts and most are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12057996.v1; Preprint
Contact Info: Wu C, et al.; correspondence to Hui Li ([email protected])
URL: https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr138914
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2
Summary of Study: Authors conducted sequence and structural analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species, which sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of 2019-nCoV.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013
Contact Info: Li R, et al.; correspondence to Gaiping Zhang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092392/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2
Summary of Study: Authors conducted sequence and structural analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species, which sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of 2019-nCoV.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013
Contact Info: Li R, et al.; correspondence to Gaiping Zhang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092392/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, focus forming assay, viral growth kinetics
Summary of Study: Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.259838
Contact Info: E. Taylor Stone et al; Amelia K. Pinto, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259838v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, focus forming assay, viral growth kinetics
Summary of Study: Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.259838
Contact Info: E. Taylor Stone et al; Amelia K. Pinto, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259838v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: BGi (China) and others
Keywords: single-cell transcriptomics, nonhuman primate, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, TMPRSS2, kidney, interleukin 6, STAT transcription factors, immune cell exhaustion
Summary of Study: A single-cell transcriptome atlas of nine monkey tissues was used to study COVID-19. ACE2+TMPRSS2+ epithelial cells of lung, kidney and liver were shown to be targets for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 correlation analysis identifies IDO2 and ANPEP as potential therapeutic opportunities.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.022103; Preprint
Contact Info: Han L, et al.; correspondence to Xun Xu ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.022103v2.abstract
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: BGi (China) and others
Keywords: single-cell transcriptomics, nonhuman primate, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, TMPRSS2, kidney, interleukin 6, STAT transcription factors, immune cell exhaustion
Summary of Study: A single-cell transcriptome atlas of nine monkey tissues was used to study COVID-19. ACE2+TMPRSS2+ epithelial cells of lung, kidney and liver were shown to be targets for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 correlation analysis identifies IDO2 and ANPEP as potential therapeutic opportunities.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.022103; Preprint
Contact Info: Han L, et al.; correspondence to Xun Xu ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.022103v2.abstract
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: SWNPRC/Regeneron
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody therapy, primates
Summary of Study: REGN-COV2, a cocktail of two potent neutralizing antibodies (REGN10987+REGN10922) can greatly reduce virus load in lower and upper airway and decrease virus induced pathological sequelae when administered prophylactically or therapeutically.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.02.233320
Contact Info: Baum, A., et al; correspondence to C.A. Kyratsous, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233320v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: SWNPRC/Regeneron
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody therapy, primates
Summary of Study: REGN-COV2, a cocktail of two potent neutralizing antibodies (REGN10987+REGN10922) can greatly reduce virus load in lower and upper airway and decrease virus induced pathological sequelae when administered prophylactically or therapeutically.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.02.233320
Contact Info: Baum, A., et al; correspondence to C.A. Kyratsous, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233320v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: crab-eating macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, serial computed tomography, positron emission tomography, FDG
Summary of Study: Crab-eating macaques were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 via direct bilateral primary intrabronchial instillation, which resulted in mild-moderate COVID-19 symptoms.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.096727; PMID: 32511338
Contact Info: Finch CL, et al.; correspondence to Thomas Friedrich ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511338/
NHP Species: crab-eating macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, serial computed tomography, positron emission tomography, FDG
Summary of Study: Crab-eating macaques were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 via direct bilateral primary intrabronchial instillation, which resulted in mild-moderate COVID-19 symptoms.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.096727; PMID: 32511338
Contact Info: Finch CL, et al.; correspondence to Thomas Friedrich ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511338/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Jiaotong Univ. Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phylogeny and expression pattern of ACE2; variety of animals, including primates
Summary of Study: Using bioinformatics tools to screen for the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a variety of tissues in various animals, the authors found that the tissue presence of this enzyme marks the tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pattern of infection in cynomolgus macaques was similar to that in humans.
References: PMID: 33364494/doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05725
Contact Info: Enqi Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325688?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Jiaotong Univ. Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phylogeny and expression pattern of ACE2; variety of animals, including primates
Summary of Study: Using bioinformatics tools to screen for the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a variety of tissues in various animals, the authors found that the tissue presence of this enzyme marks the tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pattern of infection in cynomolgus macaques was similar to that in humans.
References: PMID: 33364494/doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05725
Contact Info: Enqi Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325688?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus replication, lung histopathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lesions in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, resembling the mild clinical cases of COVID-19 in humans.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.301093
Contact Info: Francisco J. Salguero et al; Miles W. Carroll, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301093v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus replication, lung histopathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lesions in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, resembling the mild clinical cases of COVID-19 in humans.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.301093
Contact Info: Francisco J. Salguero et al; Miles W. Carroll, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301093v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, mucus, primates
Summary of Study: Findings potentially explain the silent hypoxia formation in COVID-19 patients, and suggest a possible intervention strategy by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway.
References: PMID: 33159154/doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-00435-z
Contact Info: Bo Huang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-00435-z
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, mucus, primates
Summary of Study: Findings potentially explain the silent hypoxia formation in COVID-19 patients, and suggest a possible intervention strategy by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway.
References: PMID: 33159154/doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-00435-z
Contact Info: Bo Huang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-00435-z
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, convalescent plasma, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Summary of Study: Two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (CA1 and CB6 MAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were isolated and tested in vitro. CB6 showed stronger neutralizing activity and was further tested in rhesus macaques at both prophylactic and treatment settings. Treatment reduced virus titers and significant protection was seen in the prophylactic group.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y; PMID: 32454512
Contact Info: Shi R, et al.; correspondence to Fu-sheng Wang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32454512/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, convalescent plasma, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Summary of Study: Two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (CA1 and CB6 MAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were isolated and tested in vitro. CB6 showed stronger neutralizing activity and was further tested in rhesus macaques at both prophylactic and treatment settings. Treatment reduced virus titers and significant protection was seen in the prophylactic group.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y; PMID: 32454512
Contact Info: Shi R, et al.; correspondence to Fu-sheng Wang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32454512/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Oxford
Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, MERS, SARS, vaccine
Summary of Study: The author reviewed the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19.
References: doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x
Contact Info: Padron-Regalado E; correspondence to Eriko Padron-Regalado ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32328406/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Oxford
Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, MERS, SARS, vaccine
Summary of Study: The author reviewed the past and ongoing vaccine development efforts for clinically relevant coronavirus strains with the intention that this information helps in the development of effective and safe vaccines for COVID-19.
References: doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x
Contact Info: Padron-Regalado E; correspondence to Eriko Padron-Regalado ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32328406/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pre-screening strategies, primates
Summary of Study: Pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 affects biomarker responses in animal models, highlighting a need for robust pre-screening protocols prior to medical countermeasure studies.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189803
Contact Info: Keersten M. Ricks;[email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189803v2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pre-screening strategies, primates
Summary of Study: Pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 affects biomarker responses in animal models, highlighting a need for robust pre-screening protocols prior to medical countermeasure studies.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189803
Contact Info: Keersten M. Ricks;[email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189803v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Wistar Institute, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine, spike protein, primates
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with an intradermal (ID)- delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine, INO-4800, inducing a T cell response and neutralizing antibody response. T and B cell responses after challenge with SARS-CoV-2 results in lower viral loads.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225649
Contact Info: Ami Patel; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225649v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Wistar Institute, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine, spike protein, primates
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with an intradermal (ID)- delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine, INO-4800, inducing a T cell response and neutralizing antibody response. T and B cell responses after challenge with SARS-CoV-2 results in lower viral loads.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225649
Contact Info: Ami Patel; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225649v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Zongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Nanoparticle Vaccines, mice and primates
Summary of Study: The nanoparticle vaccination of rhesus macaques induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization; these responses persisted for more than three months. RBD- and HR-based nanoparticles thus present a promising vaccination approach against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Zongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Nanoparticle Vaccines, mice and primates
Summary of Study: The nanoparticle vaccination of rhesus macaques induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization; these responses persisted for more than three months. RBD- and HR-based nanoparticles thus present a promising vaccination approach against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (isolate nCoV-WA1-2020) via a combination of intratracheal, intranasal, ocular, and oral routes. Outcome established that the rhesus macaque recapitulates moderate disease observed in the majority of human cases.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.001628; PMID: 32511299
Contact Info: Munster VJ, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511299/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (isolate nCoV-WA1-2020) via a combination of intratracheal, intranasal, ocular, and oral routes. Outcome established that the rhesus macaque recapitulates moderate disease observed in the majority of human cases.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.001628; PMID: 32511299
Contact Info: Munster VJ, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511299/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, olive baboons, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest National Primate Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute infection with dynamic cellular and inflammatory flux in the lung that varies across nonhuman primate species
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136481
Contact Info: Dhiraj Kumar Singh et al; Deepak Kaushal, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136481v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, olive baboons, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest National Primate Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute infection with dynamic cellular and inflammatory flux in the lung that varies across nonhuman primate species
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136481
Contact Info: Dhiraj Kumar Singh et al; Deepak Kaushal, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136481v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, immune response kinetics, blood and lungs, primates
Summary of Study: Investigation of immune events from the acute state up to four weeks post SARS-CoV-2 infection unravels cellular mechanisms of COVID-19 and suggests that NHPs may be appropriate models to test immune therapies.
References: PMID: 33247138/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19967-4
Contact Info: M. Vaccari: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19967-4
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, immune response kinetics, blood and lungs, primates
Summary of Study: Investigation of immune events from the acute state up to four weeks post SARS-CoV-2 infection unravels cellular mechanisms of COVID-19 and suggests that NHPs may be appropriate models to test immune therapies.
References: PMID: 33247138/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19967-4
Contact Info: M. Vaccari: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19967-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, airborne transmission, primates
Summary of Study: Development of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Nonhuman Primate Model Using Airborne Exposure
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174128
Contact Info: [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174128v1
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, airborne transmission, primates
Summary of Study: Development of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Nonhuman Primate Model Using Airborne Exposure
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174128
Contact Info: [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174128v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, viral shedding, viral genome
Summary of Study: Old world and new world monkeys were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Rhesus was most susceptible to infection, followed by cynomolgus and marmoset.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807; Preprint
Contact Info: Lu S, et al.; correspondence to Xiaozhong Peng ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1.abstract
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, viral shedding, viral genome
Summary of Study: Old world and new world monkeys were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Rhesus was most susceptible to infection, followed by cynomolgus and marmoset.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807; Preprint
Contact Info: Lu S, et al.; correspondence to Xiaozhong Peng ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1.abstract
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: African green monkeys were infected with a low passage isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2/INMII-Isolate/2020/Italy, the first V clade virus to be experimentally inoculated into NHPs). AGMs mimic several aspects of human disease and should thus be considered to conduct pathogenesis studies and to screen potential vaccines and therapeutics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.100289; PMID: 32511377
Contact Info: Woolsey C, et al.; correspondence to Thomas W. Geisbert ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511377/
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: African green monkeys were infected with a low passage isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2/INMII-Isolate/2020/Italy, the first V clade virus to be experimentally inoculated into NHPs). AGMs mimic several aspects of human disease and should thus be considered to conduct pathogenesis studies and to screen potential vaccines and therapeutics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.100289; PMID: 32511377
Contact Info: Woolsey C, et al.; correspondence to Thomas W. Geisbert ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511377/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, remdesivir, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: The authors tested the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.043166
Contact Info: Williamson BN, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32516797/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, remdesivir, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: The authors tested the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.043166
Contact Info: Williamson BN, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32516797/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. Authors propose, based on the One Health model, that veterinarians and animal specialists should be involved in a cross-disciplinary collaboration in the fight against this epidemic.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008
Contact Info: Sun J, et al.; correspondence to Jiumeng Sun ([email protected]) and Michael Veit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359479/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. Authors propose, based on the One Health model, that veterinarians and animal specialists should be involved in a cross-disciplinary collaboration in the fight against this epidemic.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008
Contact Info: Sun J, et al.; correspondence to Jiumeng Sun ([email protected]) and Michael Veit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359479/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, primates
Summary of Study: In both mouse and rhesus macaque models, viral replication and histopathological injuries caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are significantly inhibited by the administration of the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic dalbavancin. These results suggest that dalbavancin is a promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidate.
References: PMID: 33262453/doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-00450-0
Contact Info: Ren Lai: [email protected]; Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-00450-0
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, primates
Summary of Study: In both mouse and rhesus macaque models, viral replication and histopathological injuries caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are significantly inhibited by the administration of the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic dalbavancin. These results suggest that dalbavancin is a promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidate.
References: PMID: 33262453/doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-00450-0
Contact Info: Ren Lai: [email protected]; Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-00450-0
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Erasmus, Netherlands
Keywords: coronavirus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: The authors' study shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in macaques and provides a new model to test preventive and therapeutic strategies.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abb7314
Contact Info: Rockx B, et al.; correspondence to Barry Rockx ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303590/
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Erasmus, Netherlands
Keywords: coronavirus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: The authors' study shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19-like disease in macaques and provides a new model to test preventive and therapeutic strategies.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abb7314
Contact Info: Rockx B, et al.; correspondence to Barry Rockx ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303590/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, aged animals, primates
Summary of Study: Data indicate that both African green monkeys and Rhesus macaques are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged African green monkeys may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
References: PMID: 33171111/doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016
Contact Info: Robert Blair: [email protected]
URL: https://ajp.amjpathol.org/article/S0002-9440(20)30497-1/fulltext
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, aged animals, primates
Summary of Study: Data indicate that both African green monkeys and Rhesus macaques are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged African green monkeys may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
References: PMID: 33171111/doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016
Contact Info: Robert Blair: [email protected]
URL: https://ajp.amjpathol.org/article/S0002-9440(20)30497-1/fulltext
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, three species of primates comparison
Summary of Study: Three species were inoculated (new world: intratracheally, intranasally, and on conjunctiva; old world: intranasally) and showed varying clinical and pathological signs of the disease. M. mulatta was the most suspectable followed by Callithrix jacchus and Macaca fascicularis.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031807
Contact Info: Lu, Shuaiyao; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, three species of primates comparison
Summary of Study: Three species were inoculated (new world: intratracheally, intranasally, and on conjunctiva; old world: intranasally) and showed varying clinical and pathological signs of the disease. M. mulatta was the most suspectable followed by Callithrix jacchus and Macaca fascicularis.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031807
Contact Info: Lu, Shuaiyao; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor binding, 215 vertebrate species
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals
References: doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072371
Contact Info: CA Orengo: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v6
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor binding, 215 vertebrate species
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals
References: doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072371
Contact Info: CA Orengo: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of California, San Francisco
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1111/bph.15143; PMID: 32462701
Contact Info: Cleary SJ, et al.; correspondence to Clive Page ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462701/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of California, San Francisco
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1111/bph.15143; PMID: 32462701
Contact Info: Cleary SJ, et al.; correspondence to Clive Page ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462701/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sinovac Biotech, Beijing, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were immunized three times via the intramuscular route with medium or high doses of PiCoVacc three weeks before virus challenge. The high dose provided complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge; neither infection enhancement of immunopathological exacerbation was observed.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc1932; PMID: 32376603
Contact Info: Gao Q, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32376603/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sinovac Biotech, Beijing, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were immunized three times via the intramuscular route with medium or high doses of PiCoVacc three weeks before virus challenge. The high dose provided complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge; neither infection enhancement of immunopathological exacerbation was observed.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc1932; PMID: 32376603
Contact Info: Gao Q, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32376603/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, purified IgG, primates
Summary of Study: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive recipient rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a dose dependent fashion.
References: PMID: 33276369/doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03041-6
Contact Info: Dan Barouch: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03041-6
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, purified IgG, primates
Summary of Study: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive recipient rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a dose dependent fashion.
References: PMID: 33276369/doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03041-6
Contact Info: Dan Barouch: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03041-6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Washington NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, two-component nanoparticle vaccine, mice and primates
Summary of Study: The study showed that two-component self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 RBC nanoparticle vaccine candidates elicit potent neutralizing Ab responses targeting multiple distinct RBT epitopes.
References: PMID: 33160446/doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043
Contact Info: David Veesler: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420314501?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Washington NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, two-component nanoparticle vaccine, mice and primates
Summary of Study: The study showed that two-component self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 RBC nanoparticle vaccine candidates elicit potent neutralizing Ab responses targeting multiple distinct RBT epitopes.
References: PMID: 33160446/doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043
Contact Info: David Veesler: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420314501?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: TNPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Four, aged, AGMs were exposed by two routes to SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020. The study reports fatal ARDS in two of the infected animals, demonstrating pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. Three of the four infected AGMs showed cytokine storm, and all four animals showed increased levels of IL-6 in plasma. These results suggest the AGM is a useful model to study disease pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.157933
Contact Info: Robert V. Blair, et al; correspondence to Jay Rappaport, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.157933v2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: TNPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Four, aged, AGMs were exposed by two routes to SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020. The study reports fatal ARDS in two of the infected animals, demonstrating pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. Three of the four infected AGMs showed cytokine storm, and all four animals showed increased levels of IL-6 in plasma. These results suggest the AGM is a useful model to study disease pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.157933
Contact Info: Robert V. Blair, et al; correspondence to Jay Rappaport, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.157933v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
Keywords: coronavirus, infectious disease, respiratory syndrome, animal model, vaccine, drug discovery
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1764871; PMID: 32378471
Contact Info: Yuan L, et al.; correspondence to Ningshao Xia ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378471/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
Keywords: coronavirus, infectious disease, respiratory syndrome, animal model, vaccine, drug discovery
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1764871; PMID: 32378471
Contact Info: Yuan L, et al.; correspondence to Ningshao Xia ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378471/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Mabwell Bioscience, Shanghai, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, neutralizing antibody, primates
Summary of Study: A single dose of monoclonal antibody MW05 (after introducing mutation to the Fc region)Â blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 in prophylactic treatment and clears SARS-CoV-2 in three days in rhesus monkeys.
References: PMID: 33188207/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19568-1
Contact Info: Datao Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19568-1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Mabwell Bioscience, Shanghai, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, neutralizing antibody, primates
Summary of Study: A single dose of monoclonal antibody MW05 (after introducing mutation to the Fc region)Â blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 in prophylactic treatment and clears SARS-CoV-2 in three days in rhesus monkeys.
References: PMID: 33188207/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19568-1
Contact Info: Datao Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19568-1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, from acute state up to four weeks post infection, primates
Summary of Study: This study uncovers critical steps in the immune events of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and describes the correlates of viral replication and disease progression. The authors show viral driven inflammation/cell recruitment to the lung occurs rapidly, and lasts up to 4 weeks post-infection. Results suggest that NHP may be appropriate models to test immune therapies.
References: PMID: 33247138/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19967-4
Contact Info: M. Vaccari: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19967-4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, from acute state up to four weeks post infection, primates
Summary of Study: This study uncovers critical steps in the immune events of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and describes the correlates of viral replication and disease progression. The authors show viral driven inflammation/cell recruitment to the lung occurs rapidly, and lasts up to 4 weeks post-infection. Results suggest that NHP may be appropriate models to test immune therapies.
References: PMID: 33247138/doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19967-4
Contact Info: M. Vaccari: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19967-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: KU Leuven, Belgium
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, live virus-vectored vaccine candidate, primates
Summary of Study: Vaccine candidate YF-SO (a live virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using the yellow fever 17D(YF17D) vaccine as a vector to express a non-cleavable prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen) prevents infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a stringent hamster model as well as in non-human primates.
References: PMID: 33260195/doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-3035-9
Contact Info: Johan Neyts: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-3035-9
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: KU Leuven, Belgium
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, live virus-vectored vaccine candidate, primates
Summary of Study: Vaccine candidate YF-SO (a live virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using the yellow fever 17D(YF17D) vaccine as a vector to express a non-cleavable prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen) prevents infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a stringent hamster model as well as in non-human primates.
References: PMID: 33260195/doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-3035-9
Contact Info: Johan Neyts: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-3035-9
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Yerkes NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Baricitinib, immunologic and virologic efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The authors investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced inflammation, decreased lung infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. These data support a beneficial role for the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33278358/doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.007
Contact Info: Steven Bosinger: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420314665?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Yerkes NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Baricitinib, immunologic and virologic efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The authors investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced inflammation, decreased lung infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. These data support a beneficial role for the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33278358/doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.007
Contact Info: Steven Bosinger: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420314665?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, receptor binding domain, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.278630
Contact Info: Hyon-Xhi Tan et al; Adam K Wheatley, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278630v1
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, receptor binding domain, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.278630
Contact Info: Hyon-Xhi Tan et al; Adam K Wheatley, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278630v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, immune response
Summary of Study: Immunization of rhesus macaques with a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine elicited effective immunity with indexes of humoral and cellular reactions.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.04.235747
Contact Info: Hongbo Chen, et al; correspondence to Quhan Li, [email protected] or Longding Liu, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.235747v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, immune response
Summary of Study: Immunization of rhesus macaques with a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine elicited effective immunity with indexes of humoral and cellular reactions.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.04.235747
Contact Info: Hongbo Chen, et al; correspondence to Quhan Li, [email protected] or Longding Liu, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.235747v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, protective immunity
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 may be effective.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc4776; PMID: 32434946
Contact Info: Chandrashekar A, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434946/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, protective immunity
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 may be effective.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc4776; PMID: 32434946
Contact Info: Chandrashekar A, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434946/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: South Valley Univ., Qena, Egypt
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, many species, review
Summary of Study: This article reviews the possible animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2, as well as best suited models for further study.
References: PMID: 33363234/doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.596391
Contact Info: Mohamed Mahdy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.596391/full
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: South Valley Univ., Qena, Egypt
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, many species, review
Summary of Study: This article reviews the possible animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2, as well as best suited models for further study.
References: PMID: 33363234/doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.596391
Contact Info: Mohamed Mahdy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.596391/full
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Calgary
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Authors conducted a study to show that all NHPs exhibit the same set of twelve key amino acid residues as human ACE2, putting them at danger of infection from humans.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.034967
Contact Info: Melin AD, et al.; correspondence to Amanda Melin ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511330/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Calgary
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Authors conducted a study to show that all NHPs exhibit the same set of twelve key amino acid residues as human ACE2, putting them at danger of infection from humans.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.034967
Contact Info: Melin AD, et al.; correspondence to Amanda Melin ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511330/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: beta coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Authors show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. They also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y
Contact Info: Letko M, et al.; correspondence to Michael Letko ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094589/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: beta coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Authors show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. They also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y
Contact Info: Letko M, et al.; correspondence to Michael Letko ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32094589/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Washington, Washington National Primate Research Center
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, RNA, replicon, nanoparticle, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Single-dose intramuscular vaccination with LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in pigtail macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.121640; Preprint
Contact Info: Erasmus JH, et al.; correspondence to Deborah Fuller ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511417/
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Washington, Washington National Primate Research Center
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, RNA, replicon, nanoparticle, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Single-dose intramuscular vaccination with LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in pigtail macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.121640; Preprint
Contact Info: Erasmus JH, et al.; correspondence to Deborah Fuller ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511417/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle vaccine, primates
Summary of Study: Nanoparticle vaccines (developed by covalently conjugating the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and/or heptad repeat (HR) subunits of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Human Virology, Guangdong, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticle vaccine, primates
Summary of Study: Nanoparticle vaccines (developed by covalently conjugating the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin to the receptor binding domain (RBD) and/or heptad repeat (HR) subunits of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) induced neutralizing antibodies, and T and B cell responses prior to boost immunization in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33275896/doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.015
Contact Info: Hui Zhang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761320305021?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Minnesota
Keywords: 2019-nCoV, SARS coronavirus, ACE2, animal reservoir, cross-species transmission, human-to-human transmission
Summary of Study: The authors' decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV.
References: doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20
Contact Info: Wan Y, et al.; correspondence to Fang Li ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996437/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Minnesota
Keywords: 2019-nCoV, SARS coronavirus, ACE2, animal reservoir, cross-species transmission, human-to-human transmission
Summary of Study: The authors' decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV.
References: doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20
Contact Info: Wan Y, et al.; correspondence to Fang Li ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996437/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viral load, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (isolate nCoV WA1-2020). Data established that the rhesus macaque recapitulates human disease with respect to virus replication and shedding, the presence of pulmonary infiltrates, histological lesions and seroconversion.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2324-7; PMID: 32396922
Contact Info: Munster VJ, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32396922/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viral load, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (isolate nCoV WA1-2020). Data established that the rhesus macaque recapitulates human disease with respect to virus replication and shedding, the presence of pulmonary infiltrates, histological lesions and seroconversion.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2324-7; PMID: 32396922
Contact Info: Munster VJ, et al.; correspondence to Emmie de Wit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32396922/