Coronavirus Studies in Nonhuman Primate Models
This page provides a curated list of coronavirus studies and reviews using nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sanofi Pasteur
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine candidates, primates
Summary of Study: Several mRNA constructs expressing various structural conformations of S-protein were tested in cynomolgus macaques for their capacity to elicit neutralizing antibodies. The candidate MRT5500 was shown to be immunogenic by eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies in both mice and cynomolgus macaques and is position for further development in clinical studies as a vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.337535
Contact Info: none listed
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.337535v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sanofi Pasteur
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine candidates, primates
Summary of Study: Several mRNA constructs expressing various structural conformations of S-protein were tested in cynomolgus macaques for their capacity to elicit neutralizing antibodies. The candidate MRT5500 was shown to be immunogenic by eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies in both mice and cynomolgus macaques and is position for further development in clinical studies as a vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.337535
Contact Info: none listed
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.337535v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Tulane National Primate Research Center; New Iberia Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, male genital tract, positron emission tomography, pathogenesis, primates
Summary of Study: Results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 rapidly and efficiently infects multiple tissues of the male genital tract (MGT) early during infection in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 35262081 / doi: 10.1101/2022.02.25.481974
Contact Info: Thomas J. Hope: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481974v2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Tulane National Primate Research Center; New Iberia Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, male genital tract, positron emission tomography, pathogenesis, primates
Summary of Study: Results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 rapidly and efficiently infects multiple tissues of the male genital tract (MGT) early during infection in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 35262081 / doi: 10.1101/2022.02.25.481974
Contact Info: Thomas J. Hope: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481974v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; University of Plymoth, UK; The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, UK
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir, virus replication, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Combination of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding more effectively than individual treatments in the rhesus macaque model.
References: doi: 10.1101/2022.09.03.506479
Contact Info: Heinz Feldman: vog.hin.diain@hnnamdlef
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.03.506479v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; University of Plymoth, UK; The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, UK
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir, virus replication, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Combination of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding more effectively than individual treatments in the rhesus macaque model.
References: doi: 10.1101/2022.09.03.506479
Contact Info: Heinz Feldman: vog.hin.diain@hnnamdlef
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.03.506479v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: marmosets
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tsinghua University; Chongqing Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Fudan University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus variants, entry efficiency, host tropism, sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, primates
Summary of Study: Results demonstrated that the spike protein of Kappa, Delta or B.1.618 with distinct mutations have altered their ability in utilizing ACE2 orthologs for cell entry.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.09.03.458829
Contact Info: Qiang Ding: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458829v1
NHP Species: marmosets
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tsinghua University; Chongqing Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Fudan University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus variants, entry efficiency, host tropism, sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, primates
Summary of Study: Results demonstrated that the spike protein of Kappa, Delta or B.1.618 with distinct mutations have altered their ability in utilizing ACE2 orthologs for cell entry.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.09.03.458829
Contact Info: Qiang Ding: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458829v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National Primate Research Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; Zalgen Labs, LLC., Duke University Medical Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, route of experimental infection, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Lack of regenerative activity in the lung was present in both species post-resolution of most of the viral RNA, indicating the NHP model of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be utilized during anti-fibrosis therapeutic development and evaluation and has potential utility in evaluation of post-acute COVID sequelae.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.11.28.470250
Contact Info: Chad Roy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470250v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National Primate Research Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; Zalgen Labs, LLC., Duke University Medical Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, route of experimental infection, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Lack of regenerative activity in the lung was present in both species post-resolution of most of the viral RNA, indicating the NHP model of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be utilized during anti-fibrosis therapeutic development and evaluation and has potential utility in evaluation of post-acute COVID sequelae.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.11.28.470250
Contact Info: Chad Roy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470250v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Laboratory of Virology; NIAID/NIH; University of Plymouth; The Vaccine Group, Ltd.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, intranasal infection, genome variants, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: UK B.1.1.7 infection of African green monkeys exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement.
References: PMID: 34159332 / doi: 10.1101/2021.06.11.448134
Contact Info: Heinz Feldmann: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448134v1
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Laboratory of Virology; NIAID/NIH; University of Plymouth; The Vaccine Group, Ltd.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, intranasal infection, genome variants, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: UK B.1.1.7 infection of African green monkeys exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement.
References: PMID: 34159332 / doi: 10.1101/2021.06.11.448134
Contact Info: Heinz Feldmann: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448134v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: lemurs, lorises
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Univ. of Calgary, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, New York Univ., and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 gene and protein sequences, several species, primates
Summary of Study: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is not equal across non-human primates. This study suggests that several clades of lemurs have a high potential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. As they are among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of their risk should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 33564767 / doi: 10.1101/2021.02.03.429540
Contact Info: James Higham: [email protected]; Amanda Melin: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429540v1
NHP Species: lemurs, lorises
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Univ. of Calgary, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, New York Univ., and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 gene and protein sequences, several species, primates
Summary of Study: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is not equal across non-human primates. This study suggests that several clades of lemurs have a high potential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. As they are among the primates at highest risk of extinction globally, further understanding of their risk should be a conservation priority. All feasible actions should be taken to limit their exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 33564767 / doi: 10.1101/2021.02.03.429540
Contact Info: James Higham: [email protected]; Amanda Melin: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429540v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University, Duke University, Moderna, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, lipid nanoparticles, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibody responses are a mechanistic correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHP.
References: PMID: 33907752 / doi: 10.1101/2021.04.20.44067
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Barney Graham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440647v2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University, Duke University, Moderna, Bioqual
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, lipid nanoparticles, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibody responses are a mechanistic correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHP.
References: PMID: 33907752 / doi: 10.1101/2021.04.20.44067
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Barney Graham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440647v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Maryland School of Medicine; Noravax
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor-binding domain subunit vaccine, immune response, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Positive results in non-human primates suggest the feasibility of utilizing a B.1.351 Spike directed variant vaccine as a booster after previous immunization with a vaccine directed toward the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.08.447631
Contact Info: Matthew Frieman: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447631v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Maryland School of Medicine; Noravax
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor-binding domain subunit vaccine, immune response, mice and primates
Summary of Study: Positive results in non-human primates suggest the feasibility of utilizing a B.1.351 Spike directed variant vaccine as a booster after previous immunization with a vaccine directed toward the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.08.447631
Contact Info: Matthew Frieman: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447631v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: COVAXX, Inc.; United Biomedical Inc., Asia; United BioPharma; United Biomedical Inc., USA; Academia Sinica; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston National Laboratory
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, multitope protein-peptide vaccine, immunogenicity, protection, mice, rats, Guinea pigs, primates
Summary of Study: With a Phase 1 trial ongoing in Taiwan and additional trials planned worldwide, UB-612 is a highly promising and differentiated vaccine candidate for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 disease.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.11.30.399154
Contact Info: Chang Yi Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.399154v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: COVAXX, Inc.; United Biomedical Inc., Asia; United BioPharma; United Biomedical Inc., USA; Academia Sinica; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston National Laboratory
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, multitope protein-peptide vaccine, immunogenicity, protection, mice, rats, Guinea pigs, primates
Summary of Study: With a Phase 1 trial ongoing in Taiwan and additional trials planned worldwide, UB-612 is a highly promising and differentiated vaccine candidate for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 disease.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.11.30.399154
Contact Info: Chang Yi Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.399154v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: IRSICaixa AIDS Research Institute; Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, and more
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, antigen presenting myeloid cells, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Although being largely resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection, myeloid cells effectively capture and trap incoming viruses in internal compartments connected with the plasma membrane, eventually leading to viral degradation over time.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.05.11.443572
Contact Info: Javier Martinez/Picado: [email protected]; Julia Vergara-Alert: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443572v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: IRSICaixa AIDS Research Institute; Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, and more
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, antigen presenting myeloid cells, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Although being largely resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection, myeloid cells effectively capture and trap incoming viruses in internal compartments connected with the plasma membrane, eventually leading to viral degradation over time.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.05.11.443572
Contact Info: Javier Martinez/Picado: [email protected]; Julia Vergara-Alert: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443572v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Meissa Vaccines, Inc., BIOQUAL, Inc., University of Texas Medical Branch, Butler University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine candidate, immune response, virus variants, primate
Summary of Study: One mucosal administration of MV-014-212 in African green monkeys protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Intranasally delivered, live attenuated vaccines such as MV-014-212 entail low-cost manufacturing suitable for global deployment. MV-014-212 is currently in Phase I clinical trials as a single-dose intranasal COVID-19 vaccine.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.16.452733
Contact Info: Mariana Tioni: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452733v2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Meissa Vaccines, Inc., BIOQUAL, Inc., University of Texas Medical Branch, Butler University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine candidate, immune response, virus variants, primate
Summary of Study: One mucosal administration of MV-014-212 in African green monkeys protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Intranasally delivered, live attenuated vaccines such as MV-014-212 entail low-cost manufacturing suitable for global deployment. MV-014-212 is currently in Phase I clinical trials as a single-dose intranasal COVID-19 vaccine.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.16.452733
Contact Info: Mariana Tioni: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452733v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Selva Therapeutics, Tulane National Primate Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, UC San Diego,
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2,cysteine protease inhibitors, antiviral effects, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: SLV is an orally available treatment likely to reduce the respiratory symptoms associated with clinical progression in COVID-19 patients. African green monkey studies with this drug demonstrated a reduction in lung weight and a reduction in coronavirus-mediated pathology in both prophylactic and treatment settings. A Phase I trial with SLV213 has recently been completed and a Phase II trial is planned (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04843787).
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.20.453127
Contact Info: Felix Frueh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453127v1
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Selva Therapeutics, Tulane National Primate Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, UC San Diego,
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2,cysteine protease inhibitors, antiviral effects, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: SLV is an orally available treatment likely to reduce the respiratory symptoms associated with clinical progression in COVID-19 patients. African green monkey studies with this drug demonstrated a reduction in lung weight and a reduction in coronavirus-mediated pathology in both prophylactic and treatment settings. A Phase I trial with SLV213 has recently been completed and a Phase II trial is planned (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04843787).
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.20.453127
Contact Info: Felix Frueh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453127v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Gritstone Bio., Inc.; Battelle Biomedical Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prime-boost vaccination, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Data demonstrate that the Self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccine platform can drive balanced T- and B-cell responses for optimal protective immunity at low doses, offering an additional attractive vaccine platform in the fight against current and emerging infectious pathogens.
References: doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467773
Contact Info: Karin Jooss: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467773v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Gritstone Bio., Inc.; Battelle Biomedical Research Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prime-boost vaccination, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Data demonstrate that the Self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vaccine platform can drive balanced T- and B-cell responses for optimal protective immunity at low doses, offering an additional attractive vaccine platform in the fight against current and emerging infectious pathogens.
References: doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467773
Contact Info: Karin Jooss: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467773v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Inovio Pharmaceuticals; The Wistar Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine candidate, immunogenicity, boost, primates
Summary of Study: Data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with synthetic DNA vaccine candidates INO-4800 or INP-4802 and additional support the use of either INO-4800 or INP-4802 in prime-boost regimens.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.27.466163
Contact Info: Kate Broderick: [email protected]; David Weiner: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466163v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Inovio Pharmaceuticals; The Wistar Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA vaccine candidate, immunogenicity, boost, primates
Summary of Study: Data illustrate the durability of immunity following vaccination with synthetic DNA vaccine candidates INO-4800 or INP-4802 and additional support the use of either INO-4800 or INP-4802 in prime-boost regimens.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.27.466163
Contact Info: Kate Broderick: [email protected]; David Weiner: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466163v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oyster Point Pharma; Trudeau Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, varenicline tartrate, in vitro and in vivo studies, virus infection, primates
Summary of Study: The nAChR agonist varenicline has the potential to interact with and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.29.450426
Contact Info: Jeffrey Nau: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450426v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oyster Point Pharma; Trudeau Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, varenicline tartrate, in vitro and in vivo studies, virus infection, primates
Summary of Study: The nAChR agonist varenicline has the potential to interact with and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.29.450426
Contact Info: Jeffrey Nau: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450426v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Intuitive Biosciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike binding antibodies with neutralizing activity, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Efficacy of vaccine candidates based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike was assessed in cynomolgus macaques by examining their ability to generate spike binding antibodies with neutralizing activity. Neutralizing activity persisted for more than 20 weeks. These data support the utility of spike subunit-based antigens as a vaccine for use in humans.
References: PMID: 33398285/doi: 10.1101/2020.12.20.422693
Contact Info: Kimberly Luke (no contact information)
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.422693v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Intuitive Biosciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, spike binding antibodies with neutralizing activity, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Efficacy of vaccine candidates based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike was assessed in cynomolgus macaques by examining their ability to generate spike binding antibodies with neutralizing activity. Neutralizing activity persisted for more than 20 weeks. These data support the utility of spike subunit-based antigens as a vaccine for use in humans.
References: PMID: 33398285/doi: 10.1101/2020.12.20.422693
Contact Info: Kimberly Luke (no contact information)
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.422693v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine, immune response, booster, primates
Summary of Study: A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine
References: doi: 10.1101/2022.12.25.521784
Contact Info: Peter S Kim: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521784v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine, immune response, booster, primates
Summary of Study: A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine
References: doi: 10.1101/2022.12.25.521784
Contact Info: Peter S Kim: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521784v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bioqual; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Henry Jackson Foundation; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, live oral vaccine, gastrointestinal tract, pathology, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Post-pyloric inoculation of live SARS-CoV-2 is weakly immunogenic and confers partial protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: doi: 10.1128/JVI.01599-21
Contact Info: Dan Barouch: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.01599-21?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=or…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Harvard Medical School; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bioqual; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Henry Jackson Foundation; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, live oral vaccine, gastrointestinal tract, pathology, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Post-pyloric inoculation of live SARS-CoV-2 is weakly immunogenic and confers partial protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: doi: 10.1128/JVI.01599-21
Contact Info: Dan Barouch: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JVI.01599-21?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=or…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Yerkes National Primate Research Center; Emory University School of Medicine; Bioqual; Moderna
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-vaccine, immune response, protection, virus reproduction, primates
Summary of Study: mRNA-1273 provided durable protection against B.1.617.2 challenge in the lower airways likely through anamnestic induction of antibody responses in the lung.
References: PMID: 34729558 / doi: 10.1101/2021.10.23.465542
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Daniel Douek: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465542v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Yerkes National Primate Research Center; Emory University School of Medicine; Bioqual; Moderna
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-vaccine, immune response, protection, virus reproduction, primates
Summary of Study: mRNA-1273 provided durable protection against B.1.617.2 challenge in the lower airways likely through anamnestic induction of antibody responses in the lung.
References: PMID: 34729558 / doi: 10.1101/2021.10.23.465542
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Daniel Douek: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465542v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, an iodine complex, primates
Summary of Study: Renessans, an iodine complex which has proven in vitro antiretroviral activity, may result in early clearance of SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.17.377432
Contact Info: Tahir Yaqub: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.377432v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, an iodine complex, primates
Summary of Study: Renessans, an iodine complex which has proven in vitro antiretroviral activity, may result in early clearance of SARS-CoV-2.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.17.377432
Contact Info: Tahir Yaqub: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.377432v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vectored vaccines, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Two novel adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccines were produced, which, when used in succession, elicited robust humoral and T-cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in mice and rhesus macaques. These two vaccines are being planned for clinical phase I/II trials after an extensive safety evaluation has been carried out in pre-clinical animal examination.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.311480
Contact Info: Chengyao Li: [email protected]; Tingting L: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.311480v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus vectored vaccines, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Two novel adenovirus vectored COVID-19 vaccines were produced, which, when used in succession, elicited robust humoral and T-cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in mice and rhesus macaques. These two vaccines are being planned for clinical phase I/II trials after an extensive safety evaluation has been carried out in pre-clinical animal examination.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.311480
Contact Info: Chengyao Li: [email protected]; Tingting L: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.311480v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, apoptosis in post-mortem lung, pathogenesis, primates
Summary of Study: Apoptosis was examined in post-mortem lung sections from COVID-19 patients and lung tissues from NHP models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple-target immunofluorescence assays and Western blotting suggest both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings may help to delineate a novel insight into the pathogenesis of ARDS following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33398280/doi: 10.1101/2020.12.23.424254
Contact Info: Bin Gong: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424254v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, apoptosis in post-mortem lung, pathogenesis, primates
Summary of Study: Apoptosis was examined in post-mortem lung sections from COVID-19 patients and lung tissues from NHP models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple-target immunofluorescence assays and Western blotting suggest both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings may help to delineate a novel insight into the pathogenesis of ARDS following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: PMID: 33398280/doi: 10.1101/2020.12.23.424254
Contact Info: Bin Gong: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424254v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine candidate, receptor-binding domain, immune response, hamsters, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a vaccine candidate based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular (soluble) portion of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, induced high levels of S protein-specific IgG, as well as neutralizing antibody in three animal models (mice, Syrian hamsters, and Macaca leonina (Northern pig-tailed macaque).
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.20.453162
Contact Info: Do Minh Si: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453162v1
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine candidate, receptor-binding domain, immune response, hamsters, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a vaccine candidate based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular (soluble) portion of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, induced high levels of S protein-specific IgG, as well as neutralizing antibody in three animal models (mice, Syrian hamsters, and Macaca leonina (Northern pig-tailed macaque).
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.20.453162
Contact Info: Do Minh Si: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453162v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, virus genome variants, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Immunization with two doses of mRNA-1273 achieves effective immunity that rapidly controls lower and upper airway viral replication against the B-1.351 variant in NHP.
References: PMID: 34075375 / doi: 10.1101/2021.05.21.445189
Contact Info: Barney Graham: [email protected]; Robert Seder: [email protected];
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445189v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, virus genome variants, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Immunization with two doses of mRNA-1273 achieves effective immunity that rapidly controls lower and upper airway viral replication against the B-1.351 variant in NHP.
References: PMID: 34075375 / doi: 10.1101/2021.05.21.445189
Contact Info: Barney Graham: [email protected]; Robert Seder: [email protected];
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445189v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost vaccination with 4 ug of vaccine candidate CV07050101 resulted in limited immune responses in 4 out of 6 non-human primates.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.07.451505
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451505v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost vaccination with 4 ug of vaccine candidate CV07050101 resulted in limited immune responses in 4 out of 6 non-human primates.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.07.07.451505
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451505v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: BGI-Shenzhen; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; University of Copenhagen, Huazhen Biosciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology; University of Cambridge, and others.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, transcriptome, virus entry, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The transcriptome of nine organs at single-cell resolution was profiled in monkeys.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.022103
Contact Info: Xun Xu: [email protected]; Yong Hou: [email protected]; Miguel Estaban: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.022103v2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: BGI-Shenzhen; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; University of Copenhagen, Huazhen Biosciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology; University of Cambridge, and others.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, transcriptome, virus entry, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The transcriptome of nine organs at single-cell resolution was profiled in monkeys.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.022103
Contact Info: Xun Xu: [email protected]; Yong Hou: [email protected]; Miguel Estaban: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.022103v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: National Cancer Institute/NIH; BIOQUAL; University of Athens; University of Washington
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A vaccine regimen comprising simultaneous co-immunization of DNA and Protein at the same anatomical site showed best neutralizing abilities and was more effective than DNA alone in inducing protective immune responses and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.11.448032
Contact Info: Barbara Felber: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448032v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: National Cancer Institute/NIH; BIOQUAL; University of Athens; University of Washington
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A vaccine regimen comprising simultaneous co-immunization of DNA and Protein at the same anatomical site showed best neutralizing abilities and was more effective than DNA alone in inducing protective immune responses and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.11.448032
Contact Info: Barbara Felber: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448032v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Beijing, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, human monoclonal antibody, primates
Summary of Study: The authors identify and characterize a potent human monoclonal antibody, HB27, that blocks SARS-CoV-2 attachment to its cellular receptor at sub-nM concentrations. Rhesus macaques showed no obvious adverse events when they received a 10-fold effective dose. These results suggest that HB27 is a promising candidate for COVID-19 immuno-therapies.
References: doi:Â https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.24.393629
Contact Info: Xiangxi Wang: [email protected]; Cheng-Feng Qin: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.393629v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Beijing, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, human monoclonal antibody, primates
Summary of Study: The authors identify and characterize a potent human monoclonal antibody, HB27, that blocks SARS-CoV-2 attachment to its cellular receptor at sub-nM concentrations. Rhesus macaques showed no obvious adverse events when they received a 10-fold effective dose. These results suggest that HB27 is a promising candidate for COVID-19 immuno-therapies.
References: doi:Â https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.24.393629
Contact Info: Xiangxi Wang: [email protected]; Cheng-Feng Qin: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.393629v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Duke University, UNC Chapel Hill, NIAID, Ragon Inst.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibodies, cryo-electron microscopy, binding, inflammation, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 RBD and NTD antibodies can increase infection in vitro, but either protect or do not increase coronavirus replication in mouse and monkey models in vivo.
References: PMID: 33442694 / doi: 10.1101/2020.12.31.424729
Contact Info: Kevin Saunders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729v2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Duke University, UNC Chapel Hill, NIAID, Ragon Inst.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibodies, cryo-electron microscopy, binding, inflammation, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 RBD and NTD antibodies can increase infection in vitro, but either protect or do not increase coronavirus replication in mouse and monkey models in vivo.
References: PMID: 33442694 / doi: 10.1101/2020.12.31.424729
Contact Info: Kevin Saunders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: ImmunityBio, NantK west, Inc., IosBio
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine, efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: NHP immunized with the hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine generated anti-S IgG and showed inhibition in cPass and thus the presence of anti-S RBD neutralizing antibodies (nAbs).
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.12.08.416297
Contact Info: Patrick Soon-Shiong: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416297v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: ImmunityBio, NantK west, Inc., IosBio
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine, efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: NHP immunized with the hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine generated anti-S IgG and showed inhibition in cPass and thus the presence of anti-S RBD neutralizing antibodies (nAbs).
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.12.08.416297
Contact Info: Patrick Soon-Shiong: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416297v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Pennsylvania
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, pseudovirus, neutralizing antibodies, mice, primates, humans
Summary of Study: SARs-CoV-2 recently mutated near the region targeted by many vaccines. The current study tested whether the mutation would hinder the ability of current vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies in mice/NHPs/human serum. Their results indicate the viral mutation will not interfere with the effects of vaccines developed based on the original protein structure.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905
Contact Info: Drew Weissman, Email: [email protected] OR Davis Montefiori, email: [email protected]
URL: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905v2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Pennsylvania
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, pseudovirus, neutralizing antibodies, mice, primates, humans
Summary of Study: SARs-CoV-2 recently mutated near the region targeted by many vaccines. The current study tested whether the mutation would hinder the ability of current vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies in mice/NHPs/human serum. Their results indicate the viral mutation will not interfere with the effects of vaccines developed based on the original protein structure.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905
Contact Info: Drew Weissman, Email: [email protected] OR Davis Montefiori, email: [email protected]
URL: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; HDT Bio; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning approach, spike protein, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; HDT Bio; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning approach, spike protein, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH; BIOQUAL, Inc.; NIAID; Alchem Laboratories; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, mucosal booster vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Following SARS-CoV-2 beta variant challenge, NHPs that received one intranasal beta-variant booster demonstrated significant protection against viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with almost full protection in the nasal cavity.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.19.464990
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: [email protected]; Jay Berzofsky: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464990v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH; BIOQUAL, Inc.; NIAID; Alchem Laboratories; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, mucosal booster vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Following SARS-CoV-2 beta variant challenge, NHPs that received one intranasal beta-variant booster demonstrated significant protection against viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with almost full protection in the nasal cavity.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.19.464990
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: [email protected]; Jay Berzofsky: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464990v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, S-protein-based linear B-cell epitope candidates, several species
Summary of Study: Four top prioritized linear B-cell epitopes in the hotspot regions of S protein can specifically bind with serum antibodies from rhesus monkeys inoculated with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates or a patient recovering from COVID-19. This study suggests that the four linear B-cell epitopes are potentially important candidates for serological assay or vaccine development.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.13.422550
Contact Info: Jing Zhang: [email protected]/Hui Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422550v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, S-protein-based linear B-cell epitope candidates, several species
Summary of Study: Four top prioritized linear B-cell epitopes in the hotspot regions of S protein can specifically bind with serum antibodies from rhesus monkeys inoculated with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates or a patient recovering from COVID-19. This study suggests that the four linear B-cell epitopes are potentially important candidates for serological assay or vaccine development.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.13.422550
Contact Info: Jing Zhang: [email protected]/Hui Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422550v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University, Moderna
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Immunization with two doses of mRNA-1273 achieves effective immunity that rapidly controls lower and upper airway viral replication against the B.1.351 variant in NHP.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.05.21.445189
Contact Info: Barney Graham: [email protected]; Robert Seder: [email protected];
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445189v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID, Emory University, Moderna
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Immunization with two doses of mRNA-1273 achieves effective immunity that rapidly controls lower and upper airway viral replication against the B.1.351 variant in NHP.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.05.21.445189
Contact Info: Barney Graham: [email protected]; Robert Seder: [email protected];
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445189v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest National Primate Research Center; Washington University SOM; TX Biomedical Research Institute; Tulane University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, bronchoalveolar lavage, transcription profiling, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The recruitment of a myeloid-cell-mediated Type I IFN response is associated with the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques.
References: PMID: 34282414 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-664507/v1
Contact Info: Dhiraj Singh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-664507/v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest National Primate Research Center; Washington University SOM; TX Biomedical Research Institute; Tulane University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, bronchoalveolar lavage, transcription profiling, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The recruitment of a myeloid-cell-mediated Type I IFN response is associated with the rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques.
References: PMID: 34282414 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-664507/v1
Contact Info: Dhiraj Singh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-664507/v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Vyriad Inc.; Imanis Life Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; University of Minnesota
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, oral rhabdoviral vaccine, boost, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A relevant translational NHP model was used to demonstrate the safety and oral immunogenicity of a VSV-derived mucosal vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Pre-IND discussion with FDA are ongoing.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.16.464660
Contact Info: Stephen Russell: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464660v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Vyriad Inc.; Imanis Life Sciences; Mayo Clinic; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; University of Minnesota
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, oral rhabdoviral vaccine, boost, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A relevant translational NHP model was used to demonstrate the safety and oral immunogenicity of a VSV-derived mucosal vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Pre-IND discussion with FDA are ongoing.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.10.16.464660
Contact Info: Stephen Russell: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464660v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Telangana, India
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 receptor of various species, several species.
Summary of Study: The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain with its receptor (ACE2) in different hosts was evaluated to understand and predict viral entry. Most of the species considered in this study showed high probability of viral entry and should be followed to determine their ability to act as carriers and/or disseminators.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.084327
Contact Info: Ravi Kumar Gandham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084327v4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Telangana, India
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 receptor of various species, several species.
Summary of Study: The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain with its receptor (ACE2) in different hosts was evaluated to understand and predict viral entry. Most of the species considered in this study showed high probability of viral entry and should be followed to determine their ability to act as carriers and/or disseminators.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.084327
Contact Info: Ravi Kumar Gandham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084327v4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Hawaii, Bioqual, Inc., Soligenix, Inc.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, recombinant subunit protein vaccine, spike protein, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A recombinant subunit protein formulated with CoVaccine HT adjuvant induces superior immunity than natural infection and reduces viral load while protecting cynomolgus macaques from COVID-19-like disease caused by late SARS-CoV-2 P.1 (Gamma) challenge.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.09.24.461759
Contact Info: Axel Lehrer: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461759v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Hawaii, Bioqual, Inc., Soligenix, Inc.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, recombinant subunit protein vaccine, spike protein, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A recombinant subunit protein formulated with CoVaccine HT adjuvant induces superior immunity than natural infection and reduces viral load while protecting cynomolgus macaques from COVID-19-like disease caused by late SARS-CoV-2 P.1 (Gamma) challenge.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.09.24.461759
Contact Info: Axel Lehrer: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461759v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Duke University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies, mice and primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can mediate infection enhancement in vitro. However, this in vitro phenotype does not translate to enhanced infection in a non-human primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These preclinical results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 antibody treatments or the induction of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by vaccination have a low likelihood of exacerbating COVID-19 disease in humans.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729
Contact Info: Barton Haynes: [email protected]/Kevin Saunders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729v2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Duke University School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies, mice and primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can mediate infection enhancement in vitro. However, this in vitro phenotype does not translate to enhanced infection in a non-human primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These preclinical results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 antibody treatments or the induction of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by vaccination have a low likelihood of exacerbating COVID-19 disease in humans.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729
Contact Info: Barton Haynes: [email protected]/Kevin Saunders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: CureVac AG Tuebingen, Germany
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine CVnCoV, safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The efficacy of CVnCoV, a lipid-nanoparticle encapsulated, sequence optimized mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was evaluated. The study demonstrates that CVnCoV induces robust humoral and cellular responses in non-human primates. These results demonstrate safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of this vaccine that extend beyond previously published preclinical data and provide strong support for further clinical testing in ongoing phase 2b/3 efficacy studies.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.23.424138
Contact Info: no contact information provided
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424138v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: CureVac AG Tuebingen, Germany
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine CVnCoV, safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: The efficacy of CVnCoV, a lipid-nanoparticle encapsulated, sequence optimized mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was evaluated. The study demonstrates that CVnCoV induces robust humoral and cellular responses in non-human primates. These results demonstrate safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of this vaccine that extend beyond previously published preclinical data and provide strong support for further clinical testing in ongoing phase 2b/3 efficacy studies.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.23.424138
Contact Info: no contact information provided
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424138v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Increased levels of monocytes and chemokines after infection is associated with viral load and disease severity
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.213777
Contact Info: Monica Vaccari, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.213777v1%20
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Tulane NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: Increased levels of monocytes and chemokines after infection is associated with viral load and disease severity
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.213777
Contact Info: Monica Vaccari, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.213777v1%20
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: California National Primate Research Center; University of California, Davis; Vitalant Research Institute; University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; DMID/NIAID/NIH; University of California, San Francisco
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, convalescent plasma, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: While administration of CCP did not result in a detectable reduction in virus replication in the respiratory tract, it significantly reduced lung inflammation in macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 34494025 / doi: 10.1101/2021.09.01.458520
Contact Info: Koen Van Rompay: [email protected]; Rachel Reader: [email protected]; Michael Busch: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458520v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: California National Primate Research Center; University of California, Davis; Vitalant Research Institute; University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; DMID/NIAID/NIH; University of California, San Francisco
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, convalescent plasma, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: While administration of CCP did not result in a detectable reduction in virus replication in the respiratory tract, it significantly reduced lung inflammation in macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2.
References: PMID: 34494025 / doi: 10.1101/2021.09.01.458520
Contact Info: Koen Van Rompay: [email protected]; Rachel Reader: [email protected]; Michael Busch: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458520v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Washington National Primate Research Center; North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Washington.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single cell immune repertoire profiling, gene expression, primates
Summary of Study: Results establish the ability to perform high throughput scIRS analysis in rhesus macaques with comparable performances to commercially available platforms.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.08.17.456682
Contact Info: Xinxia Peng: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456682v1.supplementary-mater…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Washington National Primate Research Center; North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Washington.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single cell immune repertoire profiling, gene expression, primates
Summary of Study: Results establish the ability to perform high throughput scIRS analysis in rhesus macaques with comparable performances to commercially available platforms.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.08.17.456682
Contact Info: Xinxia Peng: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456682v1.supplementary-mater…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences; Henan Normal University; Guangzhou Medical University; Fudan University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inflammation, lung pathology, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 triggers an immediate mast cell (MC) degranulation, which initiates the alveolar epithelial inflammation and disrupts the tight junction. MC stabilizers that block degranulation reduce virus-induced lung inflammation and injury.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.24.449680
Contact Info: Jian-Hua Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449680v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences; Henan Normal University; Guangzhou Medical University; Fudan University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, inflammation, lung pathology, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 triggers an immediate mast cell (MC) degranulation, which initiates the alveolar epithelial inflammation and disrupts the tight junction. MC stabilizers that block degranulation reduce virus-induced lung inflammation and injury.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.06.24.449680
Contact Info: Jian-Hua Wang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449680v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Liverpool, Public Health England, University of Bristol, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, the leader-transcriptional regulatory sequence gene junction, high resolution sequencing, primates
Summary of Study: LeTRS, a bioinformatics tool, identified known leader-TRS-junctions and identified novel species that were common across different species. The data indicated multi-phasic abundance of sgmRNAs in two different NHP models, with spikes in sgmRNA abundance reflected in human samples, and therefore has implications for transmission models and nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.03.03.433753
Contact Info: Julian Hiscox: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433753v2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: University of Liverpool, Public Health England, University of Bristol, and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, the leader-transcriptional regulatory sequence gene junction, high resolution sequencing, primates
Summary of Study: LeTRS, a bioinformatics tool, identified known leader-TRS-junctions and identified novel species that were common across different species. The data indicated multi-phasic abundance of sgmRNAs in two different NHP models, with spikes in sgmRNA abundance reflected in human samples, and therefore has implications for transmission models and nucleic acid-based diagnostics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2021.03.03.433753
Contact Info: Julian Hiscox: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433753v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: SL VaxiGen Inc., Genexine Inc., Sorea Bio Park, Scongnam, Republic of Korea
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine candidate, GX-19, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Vaccination with vaccine candidate GX-19 elicits a concurrent humoral response and Th1-biased immune responses in both mice and non-human primate models. In NHPs this response includes neutralizing antibodies that provide potent protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.334136
Contact Info: Young Chul Sung: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334136v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: SL VaxiGen Inc., Genexine Inc., Sorea Bio Park, Scongnam, Republic of Korea
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA-based vaccine candidate, GX-19, immunization, primates
Summary of Study: Vaccination with vaccine candidate GX-19 elicits a concurrent humoral response and Th1-biased immune responses in both mice and non-human primate models. In NHPs this response includes neutralizing antibodies that provide potent protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.334136
Contact Info: Young Chul Sung: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334136v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Inserm, CEA, Paris, France; University of Amsterdam; and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prophylactic and therapeutic effect of COVA1-18 in vivo, several species, primates
Summary of Study: COVA1-18, a neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient and highly potent against the B.1.1.7 isolate, had very strong antiviral activity in the upper respiratory compartments of cynomolgus macaques, with an estimated reduction in viral infectivity of more than 95%, and prevented lymphopenia and extensive lung lesions.
References: PMID: 33619476 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-235272/v1
Contact Info: Roger LeGrand: [email protected]; MJ Van Gils: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7899470/pdf/nihpp-rs235272v1.pdf
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Inserm, CEA, Paris, France; University of Amsterdam; and others
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, prophylactic and therapeutic effect of COVA1-18 in vivo, several species, primates
Summary of Study: COVA1-18, a neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient and highly potent against the B.1.1.7 isolate, had very strong antiviral activity in the upper respiratory compartments of cynomolgus macaques, with an estimated reduction in viral infectivity of more than 95%, and prevented lymphopenia and extensive lung lesions.
References: PMID: 33619476 / doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-235272/v1
Contact Info: Roger LeGrand: [email protected]; MJ Van Gils: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7899470/pdf/nihpp-rs235272v1.pdf
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Novavax, Inc. 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, subunit vaccine, pulmonary disease, primates
Summary of Study: Cynomolgus macaques immunized with NVX-CoV2373 and the saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant induced antibody that was neutralizing and blocked binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Following intranasal and intratracheal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, immunized macaques were protected against upper and lower infection and pulmonary disease.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.18.256578
Contact Info: Gale Smith at [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256578v1
NHP Species:
Year Published:
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Novavax, Inc. 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, subunit vaccine, pulmonary disease, primates
Summary of Study: Cynomolgus macaques immunized with NVX-CoV2373 and the saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant induced antibody that was neutralizing and blocked binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Following intranasal and intratracheal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, immunized macaques were protected against upper and lower infection and pulmonary disease.
References: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.18.256578
Contact Info: Gale Smith at [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256578v1