Coronavirus Studies in Nonhuman Primate Models
This page provides a curated list of coronavirus studies and reviews using nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, primates
Summary of Study: The severity of respiratory tract infection enhanced air transmission and induced wide and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, suggesting the occurrence of more severe infectiousness and lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients with nasal infection.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, primates
Summary of Study: The severity of respiratory tract infection enhanced air transmission and induced wide and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, suggesting the occurrence of more severe infectiousness and lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients with nasal infection.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, virus load, primates
Summary of Study: Nasal infection may be regarded as an important index to assess the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, treatments focused on nasal infection, like hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling, should be considered as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, combined intratracheal and intranasal inoculation, virus load, primates
Summary of Study: Nasal infection may be regarded as an important index to assess the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, treatments focused on nasal infection, like hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling, should be considered as a therapeutic option for COVID-19.
References: PMID: 33587263 / doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1877-4
Contact Info: Yong-Tang Zheng: [email protected]
URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11427-020-1877-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Texas Christian University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and aged animals, viral dynamics, antiviral treatment, primates
Summary of Study: This study finds the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 between young and aged animals and has shown that these differences should be considered when considering antiviral treatment.
References: PMID: 34804559 / doi: 10.1098/rsos.202345
Contact Info: Hana Dobrovolny: [email protected]
URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.202345?rfr_dat=cr_pub%…
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Texas Christian University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and aged animals, viral dynamics, antiviral treatment, primates
Summary of Study: This study finds the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 between young and aged animals and has shown that these differences should be considered when considering antiviral treatment.
References: PMID: 34804559 / doi: 10.1098/rsos.202345
Contact Info: Hana Dobrovolny: [email protected]
URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.202345?rfr_dat=cr_pub%…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Washington Univ SOM, NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus-vectored vaccine, immunogenicity and protective efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses and limits or prevents infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33754147 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100230
Contact Info: Heinz Feldmann: [email protected]; Michael Diamond: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266637912100046X?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Washington Univ SOM, NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, adenovirus-vectored vaccine, immunogenicity and protective efficacy, primates
Summary of Study: A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses and limits or prevents infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques.
References: PMID: 33754147 / doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100230
Contact Info: Heinz Feldmann: [email protected]; Michael Diamond: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266637912100046X?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID/NIH; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine candidate, humoral and cellular immune responses, primates
Summary of Study: Prime boost vaccination of rhesus macaques with 4 ug of CV07050101 elicited neither a uniform nor a robust immune response. However, vaccination using 8 ug of the same vaccine was protective in an NHP challenge study.
References: PMID: 34452509 / doi: 10.3390/v13081645
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1645
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID/NIH; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccine candidate, humoral and cellular immune responses, primates
Summary of Study: Prime boost vaccination of rhesus macaques with 4 ug of CV07050101 elicited neither a uniform nor a robust immune response. However, vaccination using 8 ug of the same vaccine was protective in an NHP challenge study.
References: PMID: 34452509 / doi: 10.3390/v13081645
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1645
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID/NIH; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-vaccine, spike protein, humoral and cellular immune responses, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost vaccination with 4 ug of vaccine candidate CV07050101 resulted in limited immune responses in four out of six non-human primates.
References: PMID: 34452509 / doi: 10.3390/v13081645
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1645
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID/NIH; CureVac AG
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-vaccine, spike protein, humoral and cellular immune responses, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost vaccination with 4 ug of vaccine candidate CV07050101 resulted in limited immune responses in four out of six non-human primates.
References: PMID: 34452509 / doi: 10.3390/v13081645
Contact Info: Vincent Munster: [email protected]
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1645
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and old animals, Acute respiratory distress, primates
Summary of Study: Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
References: PMID: 33340034/doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4
Contact Info: Deepak Kaushal: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-020-00841-4
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Southwest NPRC
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, young and old animals, Acute respiratory distress, primates
Summary of Study: Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
References: PMID: 33340034/doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4
Contact Info: Deepak Kaushal: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-020-00841-4
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, cryopreservation, resources, genetic diversity, primates
Summary of Study: The importance of rhesus macaques as a preclinical model for human diseases and treatment outcomes supports the development of improved cryopreservation methods and routine storage of gametes and embryos.
References: PMID: 34031599 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00792-1
Contact Info: Matthew Arnegard: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00792-1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, cryopreservation, resources, genetic diversity, primates
Summary of Study: The importance of rhesus macaques as a preclinical model for human diseases and treatment outcomes supports the development of improved cryopreservation methods and routine storage of gametes and embryos.
References: PMID: 34031599 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00792-1
Contact Info: Matthew Arnegard: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00792-1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, resources, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Because the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for rhesus macaques biomedical researchers will need to consider alternative NHP models for COVID-19 research and for other biomedical research studies. The authors suggest alternatives.
References: PMID: 33785923 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00755-6
Contact Info: Michael Chang: chang,[email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00755-6
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, resources, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Because the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for rhesus macaques biomedical researchers will need to consider alternative NHP models for COVID-19 research and for other biomedical research studies. The authors suggest alternatives.
References: PMID: 33785923 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00755-6
Contact Info: Michael Chang: chang,[email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00755-6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP, NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, the use of primates for COVID research, animal resources
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SFP) NHPs for development of vaccines and therapeutics. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00810-2
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: miguel.contreras
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP, NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, the use of primates for COVID research, animal resources
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SFP) NHPs for development of vaccines and therapeutics. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00810-2
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: miguel.contreras
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, primates, animal resources, biosafety
Summary of Study: Sustaining and increasing NHP research capacity will require careful preparation and collaborations to improve existing infrastructure and expand established facilities, expertise, and programs.
References: PMID: 33927412 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00760-9
Contact Info: Sheri Ann Hild: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00760-9
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, primates, animal resources, biosafety
Summary of Study: Sustaining and increasing NHP research capacity will require careful preparation and collaborations to improve existing infrastructure and expand established facilities, expertise, and programs.
References: PMID: 33927412 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00760-9
Contact Info: Sheri Ann Hild: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00760-9
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viruses, resources, primates
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) nonhuman primates (NHPs) for development of vaccines and therapeutics, thus straining the supply of these animals for biomedical research studies. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: PMID: 34163043 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-008102
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: ORIP/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal models, viruses, resources, primates
Summary of Study: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) nonhuman primates (NHPs) for development of vaccines and therapeutics, thus straining the supply of these animals for biomedical research studies. Non-SPF animals, which are available in greater numbers and include well-characterized primate species, should be considered in lieu of limited SPF animals for appropriate research studies.
References: PMID: 34163043 / doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-008102
Contact Info: Miguel Contreras: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00810-2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, type I interferon, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Type I interferon mediates an important innate immune response against viral infection by directly inhibiting viral replication. It also bridges innate to adaptive immunity for long-term protection against viral reinfections.
References: PMID: 34149696 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: [email protected]; Jay Berzofsky: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428/full
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCI/NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, type I interferon, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Type I interferon mediates an important innate immune response against viral infection by directly inhibiting viral replication. It also bridges innate to adaptive immunity for long-term protection against viral reinfections.
References: PMID: 34149696 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428
Contact Info: Yongjun Sui: [email protected]; Jay Berzofsky: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658428/full
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, virus replication, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A study of pathogenesis of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 compared to a SARS-CoV-2 isolate containing the D614G spike substitution showed that B.1.351 was slightly less pathogenic than the other two variants, but there were no differences in virus shedding between the variants that could explain increased transmissibility.
References: PMID: 34678071 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3627
Contact Info: Emmie de Wit: [email protected]
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj3627?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus genomic variants, virus replication, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: A study of pathogenesis of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 compared to a SARS-CoV-2 isolate containing the D614G spike substitution showed that B.1.351 was slightly less pathogenic than the other two variants, but there were no differences in virus shedding between the variants that could explain increased transmissibility.
References: PMID: 34678071 / doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3627
Contact Info: Emmie de Wit: [email protected]
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj3627?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=o…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single-cell RNA sequencing, lung cells, primates
Summary of Study: Monocyte-derived macrophages recruited to the lungs, rather than tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, were most likely to be responsible for phagocytosis of infected cells and cellular debris early in infection, with their roles switching during clearance of infection.
References: PMID: 33431511 / doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8146
Contact Info: Emmie DeWit: [email protected]
URL: https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/13/578/eabe8146.short
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, single-cell RNA sequencing, lung cells, primates
Summary of Study: Monocyte-derived macrophages recruited to the lungs, rather than tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, were most likely to be responsible for phagocytosis of infected cells and cellular debris early in infection, with their roles switching during clearance of infection.
References: PMID: 33431511 / doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8146
Contact Info: Emmie DeWit: [email protected]
URL: https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/13/578/eabe8146.short
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review, different primate species
Summary of Study: The authors advocate for baboons as a viable alternative to rhesus macaques in SARS-CoV-2 research.
References: PMID: 33785923 / doi:10.1038/s41684-021-00755-6
Contact Info: Michael Chang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00755-6
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIH
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review, different primate species
Summary of Study: The authors advocate for baboons as a viable alternative to rhesus macaques in SARS-CoV-2 research.
References: PMID: 33785923 / doi:10.1038/s41684-021-00755-6
Contact Info: Michael Chang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41684-021-00755-6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques, african green monkeys, squirrel monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pulmonary histopathologic characteristics, immunohistochemistry, species comparison, primates
Summary of Study: Histopathology does not appear to be a superior readout for interpretation of vaccine and therapeutic evaluations in the NHPs studied. The recommendation of which NHP is a superior model should be based on virology data as well as further work on genetic factors that contribute to significant disease.
References: PMID: 34963391 / doi: 10.1177/03009858211067468
Contact Info: Chad Clancy: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03009858211067468?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques, african green monkeys, squirrel monkeys
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pulmonary histopathologic characteristics, immunohistochemistry, species comparison, primates
Summary of Study: Histopathology does not appear to be a superior readout for interpretation of vaccine and therapeutic evaluations in the NHPs studied. The recommendation of which NHP is a superior model should be based on virology data as well as further work on genetic factors that contribute to significant disease.
References: PMID: 34963391 / doi: 10.1177/03009858211067468
Contact Info: Chad Clancy: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03009858211067468?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Statens Serum Institute; Robert Koch Institute; BIOQUAL; University of Southern Denmark
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA plasmid vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is immunogenic in different models and confers protection against lung infection in nonhuman primates. Further evaluation of this DNA vaccine candidate in clinical trials is warranted.
References: PMID: 34930909 / doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00419-z
Contact Info: Anders Fomsgaard: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00419-z
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Statens Serum Institute; Robert Koch Institute; BIOQUAL; University of Southern Denmark
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, DNA plasmid vaccine, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is immunogenic in different models and confers protection against lung infection in nonhuman primates. Further evaluation of this DNA vaccine candidate in clinical trials is warranted.
References: PMID: 34930909 / doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00419-z
Contact Info: Anders Fomsgaard: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00419-z
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National Primate Research Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; Florida State University; University of Texas Medical Branch; Perelman School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, respiratory viral challenge, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of pigtail macaques recapitulates important features of COVID-19 and reveals new immune and viral dynamics and thus may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
References: PMID: 34929014 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162
Contact Info: Nicholas Maness: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National Primate Research Center; Tulane University School of Medicine; Florida State University; University of Texas Medical Branch; Perelman School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, respiratory viral challenge, immune response, pathology, primates
Summary of Study: Data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of pigtail macaques recapitulates important features of COVID-19 and reveals new immune and viral dynamics and thus may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapeutics.
References: PMID: 34929014 / doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162
Contact Info: Nicholas Maness: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010162
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Emory University Vaccine Center; BIOQUAL; Moderna; Johns Hopkins University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, booster, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: An additional, delayed boost with mRNA vaccines matched to either the original vaccine strain or to the heterologous challenge strain can have a marked and sustained effect on increasing the breadth of neutralization against all VOCs tested and protection in both the lower and upper airways against the beta variant.
References: PMID: 34672695 / doi: 10.1126/science.abl8912
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Barney Graham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl8912?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=…
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: NIAID; Emory University Vaccine Center; BIOQUAL; Moderna; Johns Hopkins University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, booster, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: An additional, delayed boost with mRNA vaccines matched to either the original vaccine strain or to the heterologous challenge strain can have a marked and sustained effect on increasing the breadth of neutralization against all VOCs tested and protection in both the lower and upper airways against the beta variant.
References: PMID: 34672695 / doi: 10.1126/science.abl8912
Contact Info: Robert Seder: [email protected]; Barney Graham: [email protected]
URL: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl8912?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=…
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (Hanoi, Vietnam)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, protein subunit vaccine, Nanocovax, pathogenesis, mice, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular portion of the spike protein, was shown to be safe and effective in three animal models.
References: PMID: 34938290 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112
Contact Info: Min Si Do: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112/full
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (Hanoi, Vietnam)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, protein subunit vaccine, Nanocovax, pathogenesis, mice, hamsters, primates
Summary of Study: Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates based on recombinant protein production of the extracellular portion of the spike protein, was shown to be safe and effective in three animal models.
References: PMID: 34938290 / doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112
Contact Info: Min Si Do: [email protected]
URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.766112/full
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: therapeutics
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College; Genuine Biotech, Inc.; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine; Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital; Henan Normal University; Zhengzhou University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Azvudine, preclinical studies, Phase III trial, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Treating SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques with FNC reduced viral load, recuperated the thymus, improved lymphocyte profiles, alleviated inflammation and organ damage, and lessened ground-glass opacities in chest X-ray.
References: PMID: 34873151 / doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00835-6
Contact Info: Zhenshun Cheng: [email protected]; Jun-Biao Chang: [email protected]; Jian-Dong Jiang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00835-6
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: therapeutics
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College; Genuine Biotech, Inc.; Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer; The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine; Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital; Henan Normal University; Zhengzhou University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Azvudine, preclinical studies, Phase III trial, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Treating SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques with FNC reduced viral load, recuperated the thymus, improved lymphocyte profiles, alleviated inflammation and organ damage, and lessened ground-glass opacities in chest X-ray.
References: PMID: 34873151 / doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00835-6
Contact Info: Zhenshun Cheng: [email protected]; Jun-Biao Chang: [email protected]; Jian-Dong Jiang: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00835-6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning, epitope targets, spike protein, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: PMID: 34909774 / doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; University of Washington; Washington National Primate Research Center; NIAID
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phage-based deep mutational scanning, epitope targets, spike protein, humans, primates
Summary of Study: Findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
References: PMID: 34909774 / doi: 10.1101/2021.12.01.470697
Contact Info: Julie Overbaugh: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470697v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Amsterdam; University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA; AIMM Therapeutics BV; J&S Preclinical Solutions; Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, third vaccination, mice, rabbits, primates
Summary of Study: A third immunization improves neutralizing antibody titers against the variants-of-concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta).
References: PMID: 34862406 / doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00411-7
Contact Info: Rogier Sanders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00411-7
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Amsterdam; University Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA; AIMM Therapeutics BV; J&S Preclinical Solutions; Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, third vaccination, mice, rabbits, primates
Summary of Study: A third immunization improves neutralizing antibody titers against the variants-of-concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta).
References: PMID: 34862406 / doi: 10.1038/s41541-021-00411-7
Contact Info: Rogier Sanders: [email protected]
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-021-00411-7
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: prevention
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National primate Research Center; Tulane School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, pharmacokinetics, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A combination of two high-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; C144-LS and C135-LS) effectively blocks development of COVID-19 in the rhesus disease model and accelerates the prospect of clinical studies with this effective antibody combination.
References: PMID: 34869063 / doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753444
Contact Info: Chad Roy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637877/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review: prevention
NPRC/Institute: Tulane National primate Research Center; Tulane School of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, pharmacokinetics, immune response, primates
Summary of Study: A combination of two high-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; C144-LS and C135-LS) effectively blocks development of COVID-19 in the rhesus disease model and accelerates the prospect of clinical studies with this effective antibody combination.
References: PMID: 34869063 / doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753444
Contact Info: Chad Roy: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637877/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review of the current animal models, pathology, immune response, use for the testing therapeutics and vaccines, mice, hamsters, nonhuman primates, and ferrets
Summary of Study: A variety of animal models have been developed to demonstrate the transmission, pathogenesis, and immunology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs and vaccines against COVID-19. None of these models can completely recapitulate the changes seen in COVID-19 patients. It may be beneficial for investigators to apply appropriate options of animal models depending on the scientific goals.
References: PMID: 34909757 / doi: 10.1002/mco2.98
Contact Info: Shuaiyao Lu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662225/pdf/MCO2-2-548.pdf
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, review of the current animal models, pathology, immune response, use for the testing therapeutics and vaccines, mice, hamsters, nonhuman primates, and ferrets
Summary of Study: A variety of animal models have been developed to demonstrate the transmission, pathogenesis, and immunology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs and vaccines against COVID-19. None of these models can completely recapitulate the changes seen in COVID-19 patients. It may be beneficial for investigators to apply appropriate options of animal models depending on the scientific goals.
References: PMID: 34909757 / doi: 10.1002/mco2.98
Contact Info: Shuaiyao Lu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662225/pdf/MCO2-2-548.pdf
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCR Biotech Science Cluster; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Krishi Vigyan Kendra; Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, zoonotic diseases, one health approach, multiple species, primates
Summary of Study: This review examines the different natural and experimentally induced cases of human to animal SARS-CoV-2 infection (reverse zoonosis).
References: PMID: 34903944 / doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2817-2826
Contact Info: R. Kumar Pramod: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654767/pdf/Vetworld-14-2817.pdf
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2021
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: NCR Biotech Science Cluster; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Krishi Vigyan Kendra; Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research and Super Speciality Hospital
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, zoonotic diseases, one health approach, multiple species, primates
Summary of Study: This review examines the different natural and experimentally induced cases of human to animal SARS-CoV-2 infection (reverse zoonosis).
References: PMID: 34903944 / doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2817-2826
Contact Info: R. Kumar Pramod: [email protected]
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654767/pdf/Vetworld-14-2817.pdf
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2
Summary of Study: Authors conducted sequence and structural analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species, which sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of 2019-nCoV.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013
Contact Info: Li R, et al.; correspondence to Gaiping Zhang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092392/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2
Summary of Study: Authors conducted sequence and structural analyses of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species, which sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of 2019-nCoV.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013
Contact Info: Li R, et al.; correspondence to Gaiping Zhang ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092392/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, receptor binding domain, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.278630
Contact Info: Hyon-Xhi Tan et al; Adam K Wheatley, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278630v1
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, receptor binding domain, mice, primates
Summary of Study: Prime-boost protein subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are highly immunogenic in mice and macaques
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.278630
Contact Info: Hyon-Xhi Tan et al; Adam K Wheatley, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278630v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, three species of primates comparison
Summary of Study: Three species were inoculated (new world: intratracheally, intranasally, and on conjunctiva; old world: intranasally) and showed varying clinical and pathological signs of the disease. M. mulatta was the most suspectable followed by Callithrix jacchus and Macaca fascicularis.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031807
Contact Info: Lu, Shuaiyao; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, three species of primates comparison
Summary of Study: Three species were inoculated (new world: intratracheally, intranasally, and on conjunctiva; old world: intranasally) and showed varying clinical and pathological signs of the disease. M. mulatta was the most suspectable followed by Callithrix jacchus and Macaca fascicularis.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031807
Contact Info: Lu, Shuaiyao; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenicity, primates
Summary of Study: Neutralizing antibody-dependent and -independent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques
References: doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256446
Contact Info: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256446v1
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenicity, primates
Summary of Study: Neutralizing antibody-dependent and -independent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques
References: doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256446
Contact Info: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256446v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
Keywords: coronavirus, infectious disease, respiratory syndrome, animal model, vaccine, drug discovery
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1764871; PMID: 32378471
Contact Info: Yuan L, et al.; correspondence to Ningshao Xia ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378471/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
Keywords: coronavirus, infectious disease, respiratory syndrome, animal model, vaccine, drug discovery
Summary of Study: The authors reviewed a variety of animal models, including NHPs. Individual NHP studies are represented elsewhere in this document.
References: doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1764871; PMID: 32378471
Contact Info: Yuan L, et al.; correspondence to Ningshao Xia ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378471/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, immune response
Summary of Study: Immunization of rhesus macaques with a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine elicited effective immunity with indexes of humoral and cellular reactions.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.04.235747
Contact Info: Hongbo Chen, et al; correspondence to Quhan Li, [email protected] or Longding Liu, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.235747v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, immune response
Summary of Study: Immunization of rhesus macaques with a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine elicited effective immunity with indexes of humoral and cellular reactions.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.04.235747
Contact Info: Hongbo Chen, et al; correspondence to Quhan Li, [email protected] or Longding Liu, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.235747v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, airborne transmission, primates
Summary of Study: Development of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Nonhuman Primate Model Using Airborne Exposure
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174128
Contact Info: [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174128v1
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, airborne transmission, primates
Summary of Study: Development of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Nonhuman Primate Model Using Airborne Exposure
References: doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.174128
Contact Info: [email protected], [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.174128v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, neutralizing antibodies
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2/WH-09/human/2020/CHN. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV-2 might protect rhesus macaques which have undergone an initial infection from reinfection during early recovery days.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.990226; Preprint
Contact Info: Bao L, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990226v2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, neutralizing antibodies
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2/WH-09/human/2020/CHN. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV-2 might protect rhesus macaques which have undergone an initial infection from reinfection during early recovery days.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.990226; Preprint
Contact Info: Bao L, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990226v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor binding, 215 vertebrate species
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals
References: doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072371
Contact Info: CA Orengo: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v6
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, crab-eating macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, receptor binding, 215 vertebrate species
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals
References: doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072371
Contact Info: CA Orengo: [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v6
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. Authors propose, based on the One Health model, that veterinarians and animal specialists should be involved in a cross-disciplinary collaboration in the fight against this epidemic.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008
Contact Info: Sun J, et al.; correspondence to Jiumeng Sun ([email protected]) and Michael Veit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359479/
NHP Species: multiple species
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, receptor sequence binding
Summary of Study: Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. Authors propose, based on the One Health model, that veterinarians and animal specialists should be involved in a cross-disciplinary collaboration in the fight against this epidemic.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008
Contact Info: Sun J, et al.; correspondence to Jiumeng Sun ([email protected]) and Michael Veit ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359479/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, focus forming assay, viral growth kinetics
Summary of Study: Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.259838
Contact Info: E. Taylor Stone et al; Amelia K. Pinto, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259838v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, focus forming assay, viral growth kinetics
Summary of Study: Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.259838
Contact Info: E. Taylor Stone et al; Amelia K. Pinto, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259838v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal ACE2, receptor, entry, furin cleavage, animal hosts
Summary of Study: Receptor activity of ACE2 was examined in 14 mammal species, including the rhesus macaque. Rhesus exhibited the highest ACE2 receptor activity.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.048710; Preprint
Contact Info: Zhao X, et al.; correspondence to Xuesen Zhao ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661139/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, animal ACE2, receptor, entry, furin cleavage, animal hosts
Summary of Study: Receptor activity of ACE2 was examined in 14 mammal species, including the rhesus macaque. Rhesus exhibited the highest ACE2 receptor activity.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.048710; Preprint
Contact Info: Zhao X, et al.; correspondence to Xuesen Zhao ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661139/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Washington, Washington National Primate Research Center
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, RNA, replicon, nanoparticle, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Single-dose intramuscular vaccination with LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in pigtail macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.121640; Preprint
Contact Info: Erasmus JH, et al.; correspondence to Deborah Fuller ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511417/
NHP Species: pigtail macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: University of Washington, Washington National Primate Research Center
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, RNA, replicon, nanoparticle, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: Single-dose intramuscular vaccination with LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in pigtail macaques.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.121640; Preprint
Contact Info: Erasmus JH, et al.; correspondence to Deborah Fuller ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511417/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, viral shedding, viral genome
Summary of Study: Old world and new world monkeys were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Rhesus was most susceptible to infection, followed by cynomolgus and marmoset.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807; Preprint
Contact Info: Lu S, et al.; correspondence to Xiaozhong Peng ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1.abstract
NHP Species: rhesus macaques, marmosets
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, nonhuman primate, viral shedding, viral genome
Summary of Study: Old world and new world monkeys were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Rhesus was most susceptible to infection, followed by cynomolgus and marmoset.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807; Preprint
Contact Info: Lu S, et al.; correspondence to Xiaozhong Peng ([email protected])
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.031807v1.abstract
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center
Keywords: pathogenicity, pneumonia, rhesus macaque model, SARS-CoV-2
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe interstitial pneumonia in old monkeys than that in young monkeys. Rhesus macaque models infected with SARS-CoV-2 provided insight into the pathogenic mechanism and facilitated the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1002/ame2.12108
Contact Info: Yu P, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected]) and Wenjie Tan ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32318665/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center
Keywords: pathogenicity, pneumonia, rhesus macaque model, SARS-CoV-2
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe interstitial pneumonia in old monkeys than that in young monkeys. Rhesus macaque models infected with SARS-CoV-2 provided insight into the pathogenic mechanism and facilitated the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
References: doi: 10.1002/ame2.12108
Contact Info: Yu P, et al.; correspondence to Chuan Qin ([email protected]) and Wenjie Tan ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32318665/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, protective immunity
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 may be effective.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc4776; PMID: 32434946
Contact Info: Chandrashekar A, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434946/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, protective immunity
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with SARS-CoV-2, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 may be effective.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc4776; PMID: 32434946
Contact Info: Chandrashekar A, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434946/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: A series of DNA vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein were evaluated in rhesus macaques. Vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy, demonstrating vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc6284; PMID: 32434945
Contact Info: Yu, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected]
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434945/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Harvard, and others
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, nonhuman primate
Summary of Study: A series of DNA vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein were evaluated in rhesus macaques. Vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy, demonstrating vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.
References: doi: 10.1126/science.abc6284; PMID: 32434945
Contact Info: Yu, et al.; correspondence to Dan H. Barouch ([email protected]
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32434945/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Jiaotong Univ. Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phylogeny and expression pattern of ACE2; variety of animals, including primates
Summary of Study: Using bioinformatics tools to screen for the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a variety of tissues in various animals, the authors found that the tissue presence of this enzyme marks the tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pattern of infection in cynomolgus macaques was similar to that in humans.
References: PMID: 33364494/doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05725
Contact Info: Enqi Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325688?via%3Dihub=
NHP Species:
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Jiaotong Univ. Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, phylogeny and expression pattern of ACE2; variety of animals, including primates
Summary of Study: Using bioinformatics tools to screen for the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a variety of tissues in various animals, the authors found that the tissue presence of this enzyme marks the tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pattern of infection in cynomolgus macaques was similar to that in humans.
References: PMID: 33364494/doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05725
Contact Info: Enqi Liu: [email protected]
URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325688?via%3Dihub=
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pre-screening strategies, primates
Summary of Study: Pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 affects biomarker responses in animal models, highlighting a need for robust pre-screening protocols prior to medical countermeasure studies.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189803
Contact Info: Keersten M. Ricks;[email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189803v2
NHP Species: african green monkeys, rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review: vaccine
NPRC/Institute: US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pre-screening strategies, primates
Summary of Study: Pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 affects biomarker responses in animal models, highlighting a need for robust pre-screening protocols prior to medical countermeasure studies.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.189803
Contact Info: Keersten M. Ricks;[email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.189803v2
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and more
Keywords: scRNA-seq, interferon, ISG, ACE2, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, influenza, non-human primate, human, mouse
Summary of Study: The authors analyzed human, macaque, and mouse scRNA-seq data sets across health and disease to uncover putative targets of SARS-CoV-2 among tissue-resident cell subsets. Data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could exploit species-specific interferon-driven upregulation of ACE2, a tissue-protective mediator during lung injury, to enhance infection.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.035; PMID: 32413319
Contact Info: Ziegler CGK, et al.; correspondence to Jose Ordovas-Montanes ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32413319/
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and more
Keywords: scRNA-seq, interferon, ISG, ACE2, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, influenza, non-human primate, human, mouse
Summary of Study: The authors analyzed human, macaque, and mouse scRNA-seq data sets across health and disease to uncover putative targets of SARS-CoV-2 among tissue-resident cell subsets. Data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could exploit species-specific interferon-driven upregulation of ACE2, a tissue-protective mediator during lung injury, to enhance infection.
References: doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.035; PMID: 32413319
Contact Info: Ziegler CGK, et al.; correspondence to Jose Ordovas-Montanes ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32413319/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus replication, lung histopathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lesions in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, resembling the mild clinical cases of COVID-19 in humans.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.301093
Contact Info: Francisco J. Salguero et al; Miles W. Carroll, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301093v1
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE)
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, virus replication, lung histopathology, primates
Summary of Study: SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lesions in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, resembling the mild clinical cases of COVID-19 in humans.
References: doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.301093
Contact Info: Francisco J. Salguero et al; Miles W. Carroll, [email protected]
URL: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301093v1
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: African green monkeys were infected with a low passage isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2/INMII-Isolate/2020/Italy, the first V clade virus to be experimentally inoculated into NHPs). AGMs mimic several aspects of human disease and should thus be considered to conduct pathogenesis studies and to screen potential vaccines and therapeutics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.100289; PMID: 32511377
Contact Info: Woolsey C, et al.; correspondence to Thomas W. Geisbert ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511377/
NHP Species: african green monkeys
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, animal models
Summary of Study: African green monkeys were infected with a low passage isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2/INMII-Isolate/2020/Italy, the first V clade virus to be experimentally inoculated into NHPs). AGMs mimic several aspects of human disease and should thus be considered to conduct pathogenesis studies and to screen potential vaccines and therapeutics.
References: doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.100289; PMID: 32511377
Contact Info: Woolsey C, et al.; correspondence to Thomas W. Geisbert ([email protected])
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511377/
Coronavirus Investigated: SARS-CoV-2
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Province, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, nasal route of infection. T cells, primates
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were infected with SARS-CoV-2 via the nasal route. Data suggested that T cell response and cytokine/chemokine changes in lungs should be considered as evaluation parameters for COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development (in addition to observation of virus shedding and pathological analysis).
References: PMID: 33180882/doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949
Contact Info: Zhanlong He: [email protected] & Qihan Li: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949
NHP Species: rhesus macaques
Year Published: 2020
Study Type/Review:
NPRC/Institute: Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Province, China
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pathogenesis, nasal route of infection. T cells, primates
Summary of Study: Rhesus macaques were infected with SARS-CoV-2 via the nasal route. Data suggested that T cell response and cytokine/chemokine changes in lungs should be considered as evaluation parameters for COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development (in addition to observation of virus shedding and pathological analysis).
References: PMID: 33180882/doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949
Contact Info: Zhanlong He: [email protected] & Qihan Li: [email protected]
URL: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1008949