• CTLA-4⁺PD-1^- Memory CD4⁺ T Cells Critically Contribute to Viral Persistence in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed, SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques.

Studies in antiretroviral-treated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques indicate a specific group of CD4+ memory T cells harbors SIV DNA that is replication-competent and potentially infectious; these T cells are located in multiple tissues and express cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), but not programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). Therapies designed to eliminate HIV from infected patients should consider CTLA4 as a target.