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Animal Models

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Division of Comparative Medicine

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Effects of Acute Femoral Head Ischemia on the Growth Plate and Metaphysis in a Piglet Model of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Armstrong et al., Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2023.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36696941/

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) can lead to permanent deformity of the femoral head and premature osteoarthritis, but the underlying cause remains unknown. More work is needed to determine optimal treatment methods for LCPD. Using a piglet model for LCPD, researchers assessed the effects of acute femoral head ischemia on the proximal femoral growth plate and metaphysis. They reported that alterations to the growth plate zones and metaphysis occurred by 2 days post-ischemia and persisted at 7 days post-ischemia. These findings suggest that growth disruption may occur sooner after the onset of ischemia than researchers had hypothesized previously. Supported by ORIP (T32OD010993, K01OD021293), NIAMS, and NCATS.

The Incompetence of Mosquitoes—Can Zika Virus Be Adapted to Infect Culex tarsalis Cells?

Gallichotte et al., mSphere . 2023.

https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/msphere.00015-23?rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org

Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted between humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, the 2015 to 2017 outbreak raised questions regarding the role of Culex species mosquitoes in transmission. Investigators attempted to adapt ZIKV to C. tarsalis by serially passaging the virus on cocultured A. aegypti and C. tarsalis cells to identify viral determinants of species specificity. Next-generation sequencing of cocultured virus passages revealed variants of interest that were engineered into nine recombinant viruses. None of these viruses showed increased infection of Culex cells or mosquitoes. Thus, although ZIKV might infect Culex mosquitoes occasionally, Aedes mosquitoes likely drive transmission and human risk. Supported by ORIP (T32OD010437) and NIAID.

Naturally Occurring Osteochondrosis Latens Lesions Identified by Quantitative and Morphological 10.5 T MRI in Pigs

Armstrong et al., Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2023.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35716161/

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a pediatric orthopedic disorder that is associated with pain and gait deficits. JOCD lesions form in the knee, elbow, and ankle joints and can progress to early-onset osteoarthritis. In this study, researchers used a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to identify naturally occurring lesions in intact knee and elbow joints of juvenile pigs. This work can be applied to noninvasive identification and monitoring of early JOCD lesions and determination of risk factors that contribute to their progression in children. Supported by ORIP (K01OD021293, T32OD010993), NIAMS, and NIBIB.