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Adverse Biobehavioral Effects in Infants Resulting from Pregnant Rhesus Macaques’ Exposure to Wildfire Smoke

Capitanio et al., Nature Communications. 2022.

https://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29436-9

Exposure to wildfire smoke (WFS) is a growing health concern as wildfires increase in number and size due to climate change. Researchers found that developing rhesus monkeys exposed to WFS from the Camp Fire in California (November 2018) during the first third of gestation exhibited greater inflammation, blunted cortisol, more passive behavior, and memory impairment compared to animals conceived after smoke had dissipated. Analysis of a historical control cohort did not support the alternative hypothesis that conception timing alone explained the results. These findings suggest that WFS may have a teratogenic effect on neural development in the primate fetus. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011107, R24OD010962) and NIEHS.

A Potent Myeloid Response Is Rapidly Activated in the Lungs of Premature Rhesus Macaques Exposed to Intra-Uterine Inflammation

Jackson et al., Mucosal Immunology. 2022.

https://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-022-00495-x

Up to 40% of preterm births are associated with histological chorioamnionitis (HCA), which can lead to neonatal mortality, sepsis, respiratory disease, and neurodevelopmental problem. Researchers used rhesus macaques to comprehensively describe HCA-induced fetal mucosal immune responses and delineate the individual roles of IL-1β and TNFα in HCA-induced fetal pathology. Their data indicate that the fetal innate immune system can mount a rapid, multifaceted pulmonary immune response to in utero exposure to inflammation. Taken together, this work provides mechanistic insights into the association between HCA and the postnatal lung morbidities of the premature infant and highlights the therapeutic potential of inflammatory blockade in the fetus. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011107), NIEHS, NIDDK, NHLBI, and NICHD.