Selected Grantee Publications
- Clear All
- 3 results found
- niaid
- Pediatrics
- 2022
Early Treatment Regimens Achieve Sustained Virologic Remission in Infant Macaques Infected with SIV at Birth
Wang et al., Nature Communications. 2022.
https://www.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32554-z
About 150,000 children are infected postnatally with HIV each year. Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in infants with HIV can reduce viral reservoir size, but ART-free virologic remission has not been achieved. The researchers hypothesized that proviral reservoir seeding in infants exposed to HIV might differ from that in adults. They characterized viral reservoirs in neonatal rhesus macaques of both sexes inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) at birth and given combination ART. The researchers reported that 9 months of treatment initiated at day 3 resulted in a sustained virologic remission, suggesting that early intervention with proper treatment regimens could be an effective strategy. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011104), NIAID, NICHD, and NIDCR.
Early Post-Vaccination Gene Signatures Correlate With the Magnitude and Function of Vaccine-Induced HIV Envelope–Specific Plasma Antibodies in Infant Rhesus Macaques
Vijayan et al., Frontiers in Immunology. 2022.
https://www.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840976
An effective vaccine is needed to reduce HIV infections, particularly among younger people. The initiation of an HIV vaccine regimen in early life could allow the development of mature HIV‑specific antibody responses that protect against infection. The investigators compared the effects of two vaccine regimens in infant rhesus macaques (sex not specified). Both vaccines induced a rapid innate response, indicated by elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines and altered gene expression. By performing a network analysis, the investigators identified differentially expressed genes associated with B cell activation. These findings suggest that vaccine-induced immunity can be optimized by modulating specific antibody and T cell responses. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011107), NCI, NIAID, and NIDCR.
Inflammatory Blockade Prevents Injury to the Developing Pulmonary Gas Exchange Surface in Preterm Primates
Toth et al., Science Translational Medicine. 2022.
https://www.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8574
Chorioamnionitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the placenta and fluid surrounding the developing fetus, affects 25% to 40% of preterm births. Investigators used a prenatal rhesus macaque model to assess how fetal inflammation could affect lung development. They found that inflammatory injury directly disrupted the developing gas exchange surface of the primate lung, with extensive damage to alveolar structure. Blockade of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury by blunting stromal responses to inflammation and modulating innate immune activation in myeloid cells. These data provide new insight into key mechanisms of developmental lung injury and highlight targeted inflammatory blockade as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate lung injury in the neonatal population. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011107), NIAID, NHLBI, NICHD, and NIEHS.