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Effects of Early Daily Alcohol Exposure on Placental Function and Fetal Growth in a Rhesus Macaque Model

Lo et al., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937821008309?via%3Dihub=

In a rhesus macaque model for chronic prenatal alcohol exposure, daily consumption during early pregnancy significantly diminished placental perfusion at mid to late gestation and significantly decreased the oxygen supply to the fetal vasculature throughout pregnancy. These findings were associated with the presence of microscopic placental infarctions. Although placental adaptations may compensate for early environmental perturbations to fetal growth, placental blood flow and oxygenation were reduced, consistent with the evidence of placental ischemic injury that persisted throughout pregnancy. Supported by ORIP (P51OD011092), NICHD, and NIAAA.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Normalizes Coronary Resistance in Obese Swine Independent of Functional Alterations in Kv Channels

Goodwill et al., Basic Research in Cardiology. 2021.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34018061/

Impaired coronary microvascular function (e.g., reduced dilation and coronary flow reserve) predicts cardiac mortality in obesity. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism improves coronary microvascular function in obese humans and animals. Inhibition of Kv channels reduced coronary blood flow and augmented coronary resistance under baseline conditions in lean but not obese swine and had no impact on hypoxemic coronary vasodilation. MR blockade prevented obesity-associated coronary arteriolar stiffening independent of cardiac capillary density and changes in cardiac function. These data indicate that chronic MR inhibition prevents increased coronary resistance in obesity independent of Kv channel function and is associated with mitigation of obesity-mediated coronary arteriolar stiffening. Supported by ORIP (U42OD011140, S10OD023438), NHLBI, and NIBIB.